TEST BANK For Nutritional Foundations and
Clinical Applications Exam Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationales
2025/2026 Q&A
1. Which nutrient provides the most energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Vitamins
Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, which is more than
carbohydrates and protein (4 kcal/g each).
2. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D enhances intestinal absorption of calcium and
phosphorus.
3. Which mineral is most important for oxygen transport in the
blood?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
,C. Iron
D. Zinc
Answer: C. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen
in red blood cells.
4. Which macronutrient is the body’s primary source of energy?
A. Protein
B. Fat
C. Vitamins
D. Carbohydrates
Answer: D. Carbohydrates
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's preferred source of energy,
especially for brain function.
5. Which type of fat is considered heart-healthy?
A. Saturated fat
B. Trans fat
C. Monounsaturated fat
D. Hydrogenated fat
Answer: C. Monounsaturated fat
Rationale: Monounsaturated fats can help reduce LDL cholesterol
and support heart health.
6. Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
,C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: B. Vitamin C
Rationale: Scurvy results from insufficient vitamin C, which is
necessary for collagen synthesis.
7. Which nutrient is primarily responsible for tissue growth and
repair?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fat
C. Protein
D. Water
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Proteins provide amino acids necessary for growth, repair,
and maintenance of tissues.
8. Which nutrient helps regulate body temperature and transport
nutrients?
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Water
D. Fiber
Answer: C. Water
Rationale: Water helps maintain body temperature and transports
nutrients throughout the body.
9. Which vitamin is known as the “sunshine vitamin”?
, A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D is produced in the skin when exposed to
sunlight.
10. Which mineral helps maintain fluid balance in the body?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Iron
D. Zinc
Answer: B. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium regulates fluid balance and blood pressure.
11. Which nutrient is important for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Answer: C. Vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of clotting factors.
12. Which condition results from prolonged protein deficiency?
A. Marasmus
B. Kwashiorkor
Clinical Applications Exam Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationales
2025/2026 Q&A
1. Which nutrient provides the most energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Vitamins
Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, which is more than
carbohydrates and protein (4 kcal/g each).
2. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D enhances intestinal absorption of calcium and
phosphorus.
3. Which mineral is most important for oxygen transport in the
blood?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
,C. Iron
D. Zinc
Answer: C. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen
in red blood cells.
4. Which macronutrient is the body’s primary source of energy?
A. Protein
B. Fat
C. Vitamins
D. Carbohydrates
Answer: D. Carbohydrates
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's preferred source of energy,
especially for brain function.
5. Which type of fat is considered heart-healthy?
A. Saturated fat
B. Trans fat
C. Monounsaturated fat
D. Hydrogenated fat
Answer: C. Monounsaturated fat
Rationale: Monounsaturated fats can help reduce LDL cholesterol
and support heart health.
6. Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
,C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: B. Vitamin C
Rationale: Scurvy results from insufficient vitamin C, which is
necessary for collagen synthesis.
7. Which nutrient is primarily responsible for tissue growth and
repair?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fat
C. Protein
D. Water
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Proteins provide amino acids necessary for growth, repair,
and maintenance of tissues.
8. Which nutrient helps regulate body temperature and transport
nutrients?
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Water
D. Fiber
Answer: C. Water
Rationale: Water helps maintain body temperature and transports
nutrients throughout the body.
9. Which vitamin is known as the “sunshine vitamin”?
, A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D is produced in the skin when exposed to
sunlight.
10. Which mineral helps maintain fluid balance in the body?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Iron
D. Zinc
Answer: B. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium regulates fluid balance and blood pressure.
11. Which nutrient is important for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Answer: C. Vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of clotting factors.
12. Which condition results from prolonged protein deficiency?
A. Marasmus
B. Kwashiorkor
