WGU C458 HEALTH FITNESS AND WELLNESS
FINAL EXAM 2026 FINAL REVIEW BUNDLED
SOLUTION PACKAGE
◉ Undernutrition. Answer: implies that the individual is not getting
enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more
than enough calories
◉ Malnutrition. Answer: an imbalance of proper nutrients
◉ Anorexia nervosa. Answer: literally means loss of appetite, but this is
a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because
of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation
and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual
cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
◉ Bulimia. Answer: characterized by recurring periods of binge eating,
during which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of
time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of
laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
◉ Binge eating disorder (BED). Answer: episodes of binge eating
characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when
not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
,◉ Obesity. Answer: 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary
patterns; include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks,
foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion
sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
◉ Minerals. Answer: inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and
bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic
pressure, and electrolyte balance
◉ Major minerals. Answer: needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
◉ Trace minerals. Answer: required in lesser amounts, and include iron,
zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium,
molybdenum, and manganese
,◉ HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins). Answer: protect the body
against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
◉ LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins). Answer: most cholesterol
in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high
levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the
arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
◉ Lipoproteins. Answer: large molecules of fat and protein in the
bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
◉ Antioxidants. Answer: slow the aging process. Reduce cellular
damage by binding with free radicals produced during oxidation
reactions
◉ Oxidation reactions. Answer: the energy-yielding reactions in which
either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes
an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net
result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively
charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of
atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now
exist
◉ Free radical (Oxidant). Answer: any atom or group of atoms that has
an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs, these
are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this
, paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential
for a great deal of damage.
◉ Carbohydrates. Answer: produce 4 calories of energy per gram.
Found in foods as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of
simple sugars and starches
◉ Protein. Answer: produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources
include meats and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet)
and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform
many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and
enzymes, and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological
process can take place, without it
◉ Lipids. Answer: produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic
compounds that do not readily dissolve in water; based on their
solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly known
as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
◉ Incomplete protein. Answer: proteins that are lacking one or more of
the essential amino acids
FINAL EXAM 2026 FINAL REVIEW BUNDLED
SOLUTION PACKAGE
◉ Undernutrition. Answer: implies that the individual is not getting
enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more
than enough calories
◉ Malnutrition. Answer: an imbalance of proper nutrients
◉ Anorexia nervosa. Answer: literally means loss of appetite, but this is
a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because
of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation
and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual
cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
◉ Bulimia. Answer: characterized by recurring periods of binge eating,
during which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of
time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of
laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
◉ Binge eating disorder (BED). Answer: episodes of binge eating
characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when
not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
,◉ Obesity. Answer: 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary
patterns; include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks,
foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion
sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
◉ Minerals. Answer: inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and
bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic
pressure, and electrolyte balance
◉ Major minerals. Answer: needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
◉ Trace minerals. Answer: required in lesser amounts, and include iron,
zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium,
molybdenum, and manganese
,◉ HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins). Answer: protect the body
against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
◉ LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins). Answer: most cholesterol
in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high
levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the
arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
◉ Lipoproteins. Answer: large molecules of fat and protein in the
bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
◉ Antioxidants. Answer: slow the aging process. Reduce cellular
damage by binding with free radicals produced during oxidation
reactions
◉ Oxidation reactions. Answer: the energy-yielding reactions in which
either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes
an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net
result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively
charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of
atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now
exist
◉ Free radical (Oxidant). Answer: any atom or group of atoms that has
an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs, these
are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this
, paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential
for a great deal of damage.
◉ Carbohydrates. Answer: produce 4 calories of energy per gram.
Found in foods as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of
simple sugars and starches
◉ Protein. Answer: produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources
include meats and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet)
and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform
many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and
enzymes, and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological
process can take place, without it
◉ Lipids. Answer: produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic
compounds that do not readily dissolve in water; based on their
solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly known
as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
◉ Incomplete protein. Answer: proteins that are lacking one or more of
the essential amino acids
