BIO 220 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS .
What are the different types of muscles? - Correct Answer -1. smooth muscle
a. found in visceral organs
b. controlled by autonomic nervous system
2. cardiac muscle (found in heart only)
a. multi-nucleated
b. cross striations
c. intercalated discs
d. t-tubules (less than skeletal)
3. skeletal muscle (refer other notes this lecture)
Describe the morphology / characteristics of a skeletal muscle cell: - Correct Answer -1. cylindrical
and blunt at the ends
2. multi-nucleated (nucleus located right under cell membrane - aka "sarcolemma")
3. possesses cross striations
4. has transverse tubules (aka t-tubules)
What is the prefix "sarco" used for? - Correct Answer -Something to do with skeletal muscle cells
What 5 capabilities must a cell have to qualify as a muscle cell?
NOTE: If a cell does not show all 5 of these capabilities, it will not be called muscle.
MATCH THE FOLLOWING:
A. This means that the cell has the ability to shorten. ______
B. This means that when a cell is extended (pulled out) it will go back. ______
1
,C. This is the capability that allows a muscle to respond when zapped with a neuron. _____
D. This means that the cell has the ability to be extended. _____
E. This means that the cell has the ability to send an electrical signal (message) along the cell
membrane allowing the cell to act as one. _____ - Correct Answer -1. Excitability
2. Contractility (aka contractibility)
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity
5. Conductivity
KEY FOR MATCHING:
A-2
B-4
C-1
D-3
E-5
What is the name of the theory that describes the shortening of skeletal muscle cells? - Correct
Answer -Sliding filament theory
(refer lecture notes from class #13)
What happens to a cell when placed in a hypertonic solution? - Correct Answer -The cell will crenate.
What are the 3 main things that muscles do for us? - Correct Answer -1. allows for motion
a. cell is 'zapped' with neuron, then shortened which ultimately allows skeleton (bone) to move with
some type of connection
-ligament
-tendon
-aponeurosis
-or some slight direct connection
2. gives us posture (aka tone)
2
, a. nervous system always feeding little messages to muscles = maintain a certain tension = allows us
to sit upright in a seat (not rolled up like a ball)
NOTE: consider how a person looks when they faint = messages have been interrupted = no posture
/ tone
3. releases heat (REALLY imp. job)
a. homeostatic mechanism
NOTE: recall cell. respiration = complete breakdown of glucose into ATP, CO2, H2O, and HEAT
ENERGY (this is important (not wasted) because we are animals that need to maintain our body
temperature = this is a homeostatic mechanism - ie: shivering)
What condition would make a bone useless? - Correct Answer -If it is not connected to the muscle
'machine'.
What is located between the muscle and the bone? - Correct Answer -Some sort of connective
tissue.
This term originally referred to the tendon located beneath the scalp but now is used to refer to
similar tendons associated with certain abdominal, lumbar, hand, and foot muscles. - Correct
Answer -Aponeurosis
What are the types of connective tissue? - Correct Answer -Blood, Loose areolar, Adipose, Dense
irregular, Dense regular, Cartilage, Bone
This is a collagenous band or cord associated with a muscle, usually attaching it to a bone and
transferring muscular tension to it.
(attaches muscle to bone) - Correct Answer -Tendon
This is a cord or band of tough collagenous tissue binding one organ to another, especially one bone
to another, and serving to hold organs in place.
(attaches bone to bone) - Correct Answer -Ligament
Identify the different areas of the figure below: - Correct Answer -A. motor neuron
3
, B. synaptic knob (or synaptic bouton)
-from 5 to 200 per motor neuron
C. single muscle cell
D. neuro-muscular junction (or synapse) b/c between neuron and muscle
-ie: synapse between 2 neurons is called a neuro-neuro synapse (or junction)
E. a single motor unit
How many synaptic knobs (or synaptic boutons) could be found associated with a single motor
neuron? - Correct Answer -5 to 200
In skeletal muscle, each knob is associated with what? - Correct Answer -A single skeletal muscle cell.
What is found stored inside of each synaptic knob (or synaptic bouton)? Give general identification
and specific name. - Correct Answer -Vesicles of neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitter is called
acetylcholine (ACH)
What comprises a motor unit? - Correct Answer -A single motor neuron and ALL of its associated
muscle cells.
What comprises a muscle? - Correct Answer -Many, many muscle cells and the neurons to which
they are attached.
What is the calf muscle called? - Correct Answer -Gastrocnemius
How many neurons does a motor unit have? - Correct Answer -One
How many muscle cells can a motor unit have? - Correct Answer -5-200
What must a neuron in a muscle organ rest in? - Correct Answer -Nestled and protected by
connective tissue.
What must be done to voluntary muscle to get it to shorten? - Correct Answer -You gotta 'zap' it
with an electrical charge.
4
100% CORRECT ANSWERS .
What are the different types of muscles? - Correct Answer -1. smooth muscle
a. found in visceral organs
b. controlled by autonomic nervous system
2. cardiac muscle (found in heart only)
a. multi-nucleated
b. cross striations
c. intercalated discs
d. t-tubules (less than skeletal)
3. skeletal muscle (refer other notes this lecture)
Describe the morphology / characteristics of a skeletal muscle cell: - Correct Answer -1. cylindrical
and blunt at the ends
2. multi-nucleated (nucleus located right under cell membrane - aka "sarcolemma")
3. possesses cross striations
4. has transverse tubules (aka t-tubules)
What is the prefix "sarco" used for? - Correct Answer -Something to do with skeletal muscle cells
What 5 capabilities must a cell have to qualify as a muscle cell?
NOTE: If a cell does not show all 5 of these capabilities, it will not be called muscle.
MATCH THE FOLLOWING:
A. This means that the cell has the ability to shorten. ______
B. This means that when a cell is extended (pulled out) it will go back. ______
1
,C. This is the capability that allows a muscle to respond when zapped with a neuron. _____
D. This means that the cell has the ability to be extended. _____
E. This means that the cell has the ability to send an electrical signal (message) along the cell
membrane allowing the cell to act as one. _____ - Correct Answer -1. Excitability
2. Contractility (aka contractibility)
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity
5. Conductivity
KEY FOR MATCHING:
A-2
B-4
C-1
D-3
E-5
What is the name of the theory that describes the shortening of skeletal muscle cells? - Correct
Answer -Sliding filament theory
(refer lecture notes from class #13)
What happens to a cell when placed in a hypertonic solution? - Correct Answer -The cell will crenate.
What are the 3 main things that muscles do for us? - Correct Answer -1. allows for motion
a. cell is 'zapped' with neuron, then shortened which ultimately allows skeleton (bone) to move with
some type of connection
-ligament
-tendon
-aponeurosis
-or some slight direct connection
2. gives us posture (aka tone)
2
, a. nervous system always feeding little messages to muscles = maintain a certain tension = allows us
to sit upright in a seat (not rolled up like a ball)
NOTE: consider how a person looks when they faint = messages have been interrupted = no posture
/ tone
3. releases heat (REALLY imp. job)
a. homeostatic mechanism
NOTE: recall cell. respiration = complete breakdown of glucose into ATP, CO2, H2O, and HEAT
ENERGY (this is important (not wasted) because we are animals that need to maintain our body
temperature = this is a homeostatic mechanism - ie: shivering)
What condition would make a bone useless? - Correct Answer -If it is not connected to the muscle
'machine'.
What is located between the muscle and the bone? - Correct Answer -Some sort of connective
tissue.
This term originally referred to the tendon located beneath the scalp but now is used to refer to
similar tendons associated with certain abdominal, lumbar, hand, and foot muscles. - Correct
Answer -Aponeurosis
What are the types of connective tissue? - Correct Answer -Blood, Loose areolar, Adipose, Dense
irregular, Dense regular, Cartilage, Bone
This is a collagenous band or cord associated with a muscle, usually attaching it to a bone and
transferring muscular tension to it.
(attaches muscle to bone) - Correct Answer -Tendon
This is a cord or band of tough collagenous tissue binding one organ to another, especially one bone
to another, and serving to hold organs in place.
(attaches bone to bone) - Correct Answer -Ligament
Identify the different areas of the figure below: - Correct Answer -A. motor neuron
3
, B. synaptic knob (or synaptic bouton)
-from 5 to 200 per motor neuron
C. single muscle cell
D. neuro-muscular junction (or synapse) b/c between neuron and muscle
-ie: synapse between 2 neurons is called a neuro-neuro synapse (or junction)
E. a single motor unit
How many synaptic knobs (or synaptic boutons) could be found associated with a single motor
neuron? - Correct Answer -5 to 200
In skeletal muscle, each knob is associated with what? - Correct Answer -A single skeletal muscle cell.
What is found stored inside of each synaptic knob (or synaptic bouton)? Give general identification
and specific name. - Correct Answer -Vesicles of neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitter is called
acetylcholine (ACH)
What comprises a motor unit? - Correct Answer -A single motor neuron and ALL of its associated
muscle cells.
What comprises a muscle? - Correct Answer -Many, many muscle cells and the neurons to which
they are attached.
What is the calf muscle called? - Correct Answer -Gastrocnemius
How many neurons does a motor unit have? - Correct Answer -One
How many muscle cells can a motor unit have? - Correct Answer -5-200
What must a neuron in a muscle organ rest in? - Correct Answer -Nestled and protected by
connective tissue.
What must be done to voluntary muscle to get it to shorten? - Correct Answer -You gotta 'zap' it
with an electrical charge.
4
