PNVN 1811 – Exam 1 A&P Study Guide, 2026 – Comprehensive review
and practice material
anatomy - correct answer ✔✔ study of structure of an organism and relationship of its parts
***BODY PARTS***
physiology - correct answer ✔✔ study of functions of living organisms and their parts
***FUNCTION***
pathology - correct answer ✔✔ scientific study of disease
***DISEASES***
scientific method - correct answer ✔✔ - observations and previous experiments
- propose hypothesis
- design experiment
- collect and analyze data
- determine whether data are biased
- refine hypothesis
- repeat experiments
- accept as theory
- accept as law
anatomical position - correct answer ✔✔ body standing erect, slightly apart, arms at sides,
palms turned forward
supine - correct answer ✔✔ laying on the back
,prone - correct answer ✔✔ laying on the stomach
anterior - correct answer ✔✔ - front, in front of
- ventral
posterior - correct answer ✔✔ - back, in back of
- dorsal
superior - correct answer ✔✔ - toward the head
- upper
- above
- higher
inferior - correct answer ✔✔ - toward the feet
- lower
- below
medial - correct answer ✔✔ toward the midline of a structure
lateral - correct answer ✔✔ away from the midline or toward the side of a structure
proximal - correct answer ✔✔ toward or nearest the trunk (torso), or nearest the point of origin
of a structure
distal - correct answer ✔✔ away from or farthest from the trunk, (torso) or farthest from a
structure's point of origin
, sagittal plane - correct answer ✔✔ LENGTHWISE plane that divides a structure into right and
left sections
midsagittal plane - correct answer ✔✔ sagittal plane that divides the body into two EQUAL
halves
frontal (coronal) plane - correct answer ✔✔ LENGTHWISE plane that divides a structure into
ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR sections
transverse plane - correct answer ✔✔ HORIZONTAL plane that divides a structure into UPPER
and LOWER sections
superficial - correct answer ✔✔ - nearer the body surface
- near the skin
- shallow
deep - correct answer ✔✔ - farther away from the body surface
- further from the skin
major cavities - correct answer ✔✔ > DORSAL CAVITY
- cranial cavity
- spinal cavity
> VENTRAL CAVITY
- thoracic cavity
- mediastinum
and practice material
anatomy - correct answer ✔✔ study of structure of an organism and relationship of its parts
***BODY PARTS***
physiology - correct answer ✔✔ study of functions of living organisms and their parts
***FUNCTION***
pathology - correct answer ✔✔ scientific study of disease
***DISEASES***
scientific method - correct answer ✔✔ - observations and previous experiments
- propose hypothesis
- design experiment
- collect and analyze data
- determine whether data are biased
- refine hypothesis
- repeat experiments
- accept as theory
- accept as law
anatomical position - correct answer ✔✔ body standing erect, slightly apart, arms at sides,
palms turned forward
supine - correct answer ✔✔ laying on the back
,prone - correct answer ✔✔ laying on the stomach
anterior - correct answer ✔✔ - front, in front of
- ventral
posterior - correct answer ✔✔ - back, in back of
- dorsal
superior - correct answer ✔✔ - toward the head
- upper
- above
- higher
inferior - correct answer ✔✔ - toward the feet
- lower
- below
medial - correct answer ✔✔ toward the midline of a structure
lateral - correct answer ✔✔ away from the midline or toward the side of a structure
proximal - correct answer ✔✔ toward or nearest the trunk (torso), or nearest the point of origin
of a structure
distal - correct answer ✔✔ away from or farthest from the trunk, (torso) or farthest from a
structure's point of origin
, sagittal plane - correct answer ✔✔ LENGTHWISE plane that divides a structure into right and
left sections
midsagittal plane - correct answer ✔✔ sagittal plane that divides the body into two EQUAL
halves
frontal (coronal) plane - correct answer ✔✔ LENGTHWISE plane that divides a structure into
ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR sections
transverse plane - correct answer ✔✔ HORIZONTAL plane that divides a structure into UPPER
and LOWER sections
superficial - correct answer ✔✔ - nearer the body surface
- near the skin
- shallow
deep - correct answer ✔✔ - farther away from the body surface
- further from the skin
major cavities - correct answer ✔✔ > DORSAL CAVITY
- cranial cavity
- spinal cavity
> VENTRAL CAVITY
- thoracic cavity
- mediastinum
