, Fuhrman & Zimmerman's
Pediatric Critical Care
Edition/Reference: 6th Edition
(2021) – Test Bank
Chapters included (1–122):
1. History of Pediatric Critical Care 11. Essential Concepts in Clinical
Medicine Trial Design and Statistical Analysis
2. High-Reliability Pediatric 12. Prediction Tools for Short-Term
Intensive Care Unit: Role of Outcomes Following Critical Illness
Intensivist and Team in Obtaining in Children
Optimal Outcomes 13. Pediatric Transport
3. Critical Communications in the 14. Pediatric Vascular Access and
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Centeses
4. Professionalism in Pediatric 15. Ultrasonography in the Pediatric
Critical Care Intensive Care Unit
5. Leading and Managing Change in 16. Patient- and Family-Centered
the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care
6. The Evolution of Critical Care Unit
Nursing 17. Pediatric Critical Care Ethics
7. Fostering a Learning Health Care 18. Ethical Issues Around Death and
Environment in the Pediatric Dying
Intensive Care Unit 19. Palliative Care in the Pediatric
8. Challenges for Pediatric Critical Intensive Care Unit
Care in Resource-Poor Settings 20. Organ Donation Process and
9. Public Health Emergencies and Management of the Organ Donor
Emergency Mass Critical Care 21. Long-Term Outcomes following
10. Lifelong Learning in Pediatric Critical Illness in Children
Critical Care 22. Burnout and Resiliency
,23. Structure and Function of the 42. Physiology of the Respiratory
Heart System
24. Regional and Peripheral 43. Noninvasive Respiratory
Circulation Monitoring and Assessment of Gas
25. Endothelium and Exchange
Endotheliopathy 44. Overview of Breathing Failure
26. Principles of Invasive 45. Ventilation/Perfusion Inequality
Cardiovascular Monitoring 46. Mechanical Dysfunction of the
27. Assessment of Cardiovascular Respiratory System
Function 47. Diseases of the Upper
28. Cardiac Failure and Ventricular Respiratory Tract
Assist Devices 48. Pediatric Acute Respiratory
29. Echocardiographic Imaging Distress Syndrome and Ventilator-
30. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Associated Lung Injury
Cardiac Catheterization 49. Acute Viral Bronchiolitis
31. Pharmacology of the 50. Asthma
Cardiovascular System 51. Neonatal Pulmonary Disease
32. Cardiopulmonary Interactions 52. Pneumonitis and Interstitial
33. Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm Disease
34. Shock States 53. Diseases of the Pulmonary
35. Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Circulation
Bypass 54. Mechanical Ventilation and
36. Critical Care After Surgery For Respiratory Care
Congenital Heart Disease 55. Noninvasive Ventilation in the
37. Pediatric Cardiac Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Transplantation 56. Extracorporeal Life Support
38. Physiologic Foundations of 57. Pediatric Lung Transplantation
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 58. Structure, Function, and
39. Performance of Development of the Nervous
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in System
Infants and Children 59. Critical Care Considerations for
40. Structure and Development of Common Neurosurgical Conditions
the Upper Respiratory System 60. Neurological Assessment and
41. Structure and Development of Monitoring
the Lower Respiratory System 61. Neuroimaging
62. Coma and Depressed Sensorium
,63. Intracranial Hypertension and 85. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Monitoring 86. Structure and Function of the
64. Status Epilepticus Hematopoietic Organs
65. Anoxic Ischemic 87. The Erythron
Encephalopathy 88. Hemoglobinopathies
66. Pediatric Stroke and 89. Coagulation and Coagulopathy
Intracerebral Hemorrhage 90. Thrombosis in Pediatric Critical
67. Central Nervous System Care
Infections and Related Conditions 91. Transfusion Medicine
68. Acute Neuromuscular Disease 92. Hematology and Oncology
and Disorders Problems
69. Acute Rehabilitation and Early 93. Critical Illness in Children
Mobility in the Pediatric ICU Undergoing Hematopoietic
70. Renal Structure and Function Progenitor Cell Transplantation
71. Fluid and Electrolyte Issues in 94. Gastrointestinal Structure and
Pediatric Critical Illness Function
72. Acid-Base Balance in Critical 95. Disorders of the Gastrointestinal
Illness System
73. Tests of Kidney Function in 96. Acute Liver Failure
Children 97. Hepatic Transplantation
74. Glomerular Tubular 98. Acute Abdomen
Dysfunction and AKI
99. Nutrition of the Critically Ill
75. Pediatric Renal Replacement Child
Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
100. Innate Immunity
76. Pediatric Renal Transplantation
101. Adaptive Immunity
77. Renal Pharmacology
102. Critical Illness and the
78. Hypertensive Urgencies and Microbiome
Emergencies
103. Congenital Immunodeficiency
79. Cellular Respiration
104. Acquired Immune Dysfunction
80. Biology of the Stress Response
105. Immune Balance in Critical
81. Inborn Errors of Metabolism Illness
82. Genetic Variation in Health and 106. Pediatric Rheumatic Disease
Disease
107. Bacterial and Fungal Infections
83. Molecular Mechanisms of
108. Life-Threatening Viral
Cellular Injury
Diseases and Their Treatment
84. Endocrine Emergencies
,109. Healthcare-Associated 116. Burn and Inhalation Injury
Infections 117. Evaluation, Stabilization, and
110. Pediatric Sepsis Initial Management after Trauma
111. Multiple Organ Dysfunction 118. Traumatic Brain Injury
Syndrome 119. Pediatric Thoracic Trauma
112. Bites and Stings 120. Pediatric Abdominal Trauma
113. Hyperthermic Injury 121. Child Abuse
114. Hypothermic Injury 122. Principles of Drug Disposition
115. Drowning
,Chapter 1: Histor y of Pediatr ic Cr itical Car e Medicine
Question 1. A 8-month-old child in the PICU with concern related to history
of pediatric critical care medicine shows early warning signs. Which finding
should the nurse prioritize as most clinically significant?
A. Apply a generalized adult protocol without pediatric adjustment.
B. Prioritize history with structured reassessment tied to objective bedside
trends.
C. Rely primarily on one static value instead of serial clinical integration.
D. Delay intervention until a single confirmatory test is available.
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B is correct because in History of Pediatric Critical Care
Medicine, outcomes improve when clinicians target history early, use
repeated assessment, and adjust therapy to the child’s evolving physiology
rather than waiting for late decompensation. The other options are less
appropriate: delaying for a single test can miss the intervention window;
depending on one static measure ignores dynamic pediatric changes; and
unmodified adult pathways increase dosing, monitoring, and risk-
stratification errors in children.
DIF: Hard
TOP: History of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Question 2. During multidisciplinary rounds, the team discusses history of
pediatric critical care medicine. Which action best reflects evidence-based
pediatric critical care practice?
,A. Apply a generalized adult protocol without pediatric adjustment.
B. Delay intervention until a single confirmatory test is available.
C. Rely primarily on one static value instead of serial clinical integration.
D. Prioritize medicine with structured reassessment tied to objective bedside
trends.
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D is correct because in History of Pediatric Critical Care
Medicine, outcomes improve when clinicians target medicine early, use
repeated assessment, and adjust therapy to the child’s evolving physiology
rather than waiting for late decompensation. The other options are less
appropriate: delaying for a single test can miss the intervention window;
depending on one static measure ignores dynamic pediatric changes; and
unmodified adult pathways increase dosing, monitoring, and risk-
stratification errors in children.
DIF: Easy
TOP: History of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Question 3. A patient with evolving history of pediatric critical care
medicine deteriorates despite initial therapy. What is the most appropriate
next step?
A. Delay intervention until a single confirmatory test is available.
B. Rely primarily on one static value instead of serial clinical integration.
C. Apply a generalized adult protocol without pediatric adjustment.
, D. Prioritize airway with structured reassessment tied to objective bedside
trends.
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D is correct because in History of Pediatric Critical Care
Medicine, outcomes improve when clinicians target airway early, use
repeated assessment, and adjust therapy to the child’s evolving physiology
rather than waiting for late decompensation. The other options are less
appropriate: delaying for a single test can miss the intervention window;
depending on one static measure ignores dynamic pediatric changes; and
unmodified adult pathways increase dosing, monitoring, and risk-
stratification errors in children.
DIF: Moderate
TOP: History of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity
Question 4. Which physiologic change is most consistent with clinically
important worsening in history of pediatric critical care medicine?
A. Delay intervention until a single confirmatory test is available.
B. Apply a generalized adult protocol without pediatric adjustment.
C. Rely primarily on one static value instead of serial clinical integration.
D. Prioritize lung-protective with structured reassessment tied to objective
bedside trends.
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D is correct because in History of Pediatric Critical Care
Medicine, outcomes improve when clinicians target lung-protective early,
Pediatric Critical Care
Edition/Reference: 6th Edition
(2021) – Test Bank
Chapters included (1–122):
1. History of Pediatric Critical Care 11. Essential Concepts in Clinical
Medicine Trial Design and Statistical Analysis
2. High-Reliability Pediatric 12. Prediction Tools for Short-Term
Intensive Care Unit: Role of Outcomes Following Critical Illness
Intensivist and Team in Obtaining in Children
Optimal Outcomes 13. Pediatric Transport
3. Critical Communications in the 14. Pediatric Vascular Access and
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Centeses
4. Professionalism in Pediatric 15. Ultrasonography in the Pediatric
Critical Care Intensive Care Unit
5. Leading and Managing Change in 16. Patient- and Family-Centered
the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care
6. The Evolution of Critical Care Unit
Nursing 17. Pediatric Critical Care Ethics
7. Fostering a Learning Health Care 18. Ethical Issues Around Death and
Environment in the Pediatric Dying
Intensive Care Unit 19. Palliative Care in the Pediatric
8. Challenges for Pediatric Critical Intensive Care Unit
Care in Resource-Poor Settings 20. Organ Donation Process and
9. Public Health Emergencies and Management of the Organ Donor
Emergency Mass Critical Care 21. Long-Term Outcomes following
10. Lifelong Learning in Pediatric Critical Illness in Children
Critical Care 22. Burnout and Resiliency
,23. Structure and Function of the 42. Physiology of the Respiratory
Heart System
24. Regional and Peripheral 43. Noninvasive Respiratory
Circulation Monitoring and Assessment of Gas
25. Endothelium and Exchange
Endotheliopathy 44. Overview of Breathing Failure
26. Principles of Invasive 45. Ventilation/Perfusion Inequality
Cardiovascular Monitoring 46. Mechanical Dysfunction of the
27. Assessment of Cardiovascular Respiratory System
Function 47. Diseases of the Upper
28. Cardiac Failure and Ventricular Respiratory Tract
Assist Devices 48. Pediatric Acute Respiratory
29. Echocardiographic Imaging Distress Syndrome and Ventilator-
30. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Associated Lung Injury
Cardiac Catheterization 49. Acute Viral Bronchiolitis
31. Pharmacology of the 50. Asthma
Cardiovascular System 51. Neonatal Pulmonary Disease
32. Cardiopulmonary Interactions 52. Pneumonitis and Interstitial
33. Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm Disease
34. Shock States 53. Diseases of the Pulmonary
35. Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Circulation
Bypass 54. Mechanical Ventilation and
36. Critical Care After Surgery For Respiratory Care
Congenital Heart Disease 55. Noninvasive Ventilation in the
37. Pediatric Cardiac Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Transplantation 56. Extracorporeal Life Support
38. Physiologic Foundations of 57. Pediatric Lung Transplantation
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 58. Structure, Function, and
39. Performance of Development of the Nervous
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in System
Infants and Children 59. Critical Care Considerations for
40. Structure and Development of Common Neurosurgical Conditions
the Upper Respiratory System 60. Neurological Assessment and
41. Structure and Development of Monitoring
the Lower Respiratory System 61. Neuroimaging
62. Coma and Depressed Sensorium
,63. Intracranial Hypertension and 85. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Monitoring 86. Structure and Function of the
64. Status Epilepticus Hematopoietic Organs
65. Anoxic Ischemic 87. The Erythron
Encephalopathy 88. Hemoglobinopathies
66. Pediatric Stroke and 89. Coagulation and Coagulopathy
Intracerebral Hemorrhage 90. Thrombosis in Pediatric Critical
67. Central Nervous System Care
Infections and Related Conditions 91. Transfusion Medicine
68. Acute Neuromuscular Disease 92. Hematology and Oncology
and Disorders Problems
69. Acute Rehabilitation and Early 93. Critical Illness in Children
Mobility in the Pediatric ICU Undergoing Hematopoietic
70. Renal Structure and Function Progenitor Cell Transplantation
71. Fluid and Electrolyte Issues in 94. Gastrointestinal Structure and
Pediatric Critical Illness Function
72. Acid-Base Balance in Critical 95. Disorders of the Gastrointestinal
Illness System
73. Tests of Kidney Function in 96. Acute Liver Failure
Children 97. Hepatic Transplantation
74. Glomerular Tubular 98. Acute Abdomen
Dysfunction and AKI
99. Nutrition of the Critically Ill
75. Pediatric Renal Replacement Child
Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
100. Innate Immunity
76. Pediatric Renal Transplantation
101. Adaptive Immunity
77. Renal Pharmacology
102. Critical Illness and the
78. Hypertensive Urgencies and Microbiome
Emergencies
103. Congenital Immunodeficiency
79. Cellular Respiration
104. Acquired Immune Dysfunction
80. Biology of the Stress Response
105. Immune Balance in Critical
81. Inborn Errors of Metabolism Illness
82. Genetic Variation in Health and 106. Pediatric Rheumatic Disease
Disease
107. Bacterial and Fungal Infections
83. Molecular Mechanisms of
108. Life-Threatening Viral
Cellular Injury
Diseases and Their Treatment
84. Endocrine Emergencies
,109. Healthcare-Associated 116. Burn and Inhalation Injury
Infections 117. Evaluation, Stabilization, and
110. Pediatric Sepsis Initial Management after Trauma
111. Multiple Organ Dysfunction 118. Traumatic Brain Injury
Syndrome 119. Pediatric Thoracic Trauma
112. Bites and Stings 120. Pediatric Abdominal Trauma
113. Hyperthermic Injury 121. Child Abuse
114. Hypothermic Injury 122. Principles of Drug Disposition
115. Drowning
,Chapter 1: Histor y of Pediatr ic Cr itical Car e Medicine
Question 1. A 8-month-old child in the PICU with concern related to history
of pediatric critical care medicine shows early warning signs. Which finding
should the nurse prioritize as most clinically significant?
A. Apply a generalized adult protocol without pediatric adjustment.
B. Prioritize history with structured reassessment tied to objective bedside
trends.
C. Rely primarily on one static value instead of serial clinical integration.
D. Delay intervention until a single confirmatory test is available.
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B is correct because in History of Pediatric Critical Care
Medicine, outcomes improve when clinicians target history early, use
repeated assessment, and adjust therapy to the child’s evolving physiology
rather than waiting for late decompensation. The other options are less
appropriate: delaying for a single test can miss the intervention window;
depending on one static measure ignores dynamic pediatric changes; and
unmodified adult pathways increase dosing, monitoring, and risk-
stratification errors in children.
DIF: Hard
TOP: History of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Question 2. During multidisciplinary rounds, the team discusses history of
pediatric critical care medicine. Which action best reflects evidence-based
pediatric critical care practice?
,A. Apply a generalized adult protocol without pediatric adjustment.
B. Delay intervention until a single confirmatory test is available.
C. Rely primarily on one static value instead of serial clinical integration.
D. Prioritize medicine with structured reassessment tied to objective bedside
trends.
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D is correct because in History of Pediatric Critical Care
Medicine, outcomes improve when clinicians target medicine early, use
repeated assessment, and adjust therapy to the child’s evolving physiology
rather than waiting for late decompensation. The other options are less
appropriate: delaying for a single test can miss the intervention window;
depending on one static measure ignores dynamic pediatric changes; and
unmodified adult pathways increase dosing, monitoring, and risk-
stratification errors in children.
DIF: Easy
TOP: History of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Question 3. A patient with evolving history of pediatric critical care
medicine deteriorates despite initial therapy. What is the most appropriate
next step?
A. Delay intervention until a single confirmatory test is available.
B. Rely primarily on one static value instead of serial clinical integration.
C. Apply a generalized adult protocol without pediatric adjustment.
, D. Prioritize airway with structured reassessment tied to objective bedside
trends.
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D is correct because in History of Pediatric Critical Care
Medicine, outcomes improve when clinicians target airway early, use
repeated assessment, and adjust therapy to the child’s evolving physiology
rather than waiting for late decompensation. The other options are less
appropriate: delaying for a single test can miss the intervention window;
depending on one static measure ignores dynamic pediatric changes; and
unmodified adult pathways increase dosing, monitoring, and risk-
stratification errors in children.
DIF: Moderate
TOP: History of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity
Question 4. Which physiologic change is most consistent with clinically
important worsening in history of pediatric critical care medicine?
A. Delay intervention until a single confirmatory test is available.
B. Apply a generalized adult protocol without pediatric adjustment.
C. Rely primarily on one static value instead of serial clinical integration.
D. Prioritize lung-protective with structured reassessment tied to objective
bedside trends.
✅ Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D is correct because in History of Pediatric Critical Care
Medicine, outcomes improve when clinicians target lung-protective early,
