NUR 4090 Exam 1 Final Test Questions
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-
2026 Updated.
Resp Failure - Answer -Gas exchange that is not adequate to maintain ABGs
-PaO2 less than 50
and or PaCO2 greater than 50
Types of Acute Resp Failure - Answer 1. Hypercapnic Hypoxemic- Low O2 and elevated PCO2
2. Hypoxemic- O2 less than 50% despite supplemental oxygen
Acute Resp Failure S/S - Answer -impaired oxygenation
-restlessness
-fatigue
-headache
-dyspnea
-air hunger
-tachycardic
-inc BP.
As hypoxemia progresses confusion, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, central cyanosis,
diaphoresis, respiratory arrest
Acute Resp Failure NM - Answer -Assist with intubation and maintain mechanical ventilation.
-Pts are in ICU.
-Assess respiratory status by monitoring the level of responsiveness, abg, pulse ox and vitals
Compliance - Answer -Stretch ability of the lungs
-Very compliant lungs are easy to ventilate and take only a small amt of pressure to deliver
volume. Example is emphysema
Non compliant - Answer -Lungs are stiff and hard to ventilate. Take an inc amt of pressure to
deliver a volume of gas
Example: ARDS and pneumonia
, ARDS - Answer A rapid occuring (less than 72 hours from precipitating event) progressive
form of hypoxemic resp failure which occurs in those who have sustained a severe physiological
insult pulmonary or non pulmonary in origin
Non Pulmonary causes of ARDS - Answer -Burns: over great percentage of body
-sepsis
-drug overdose
-trauma
-pancreatitis: blisters form on pancreas and when they break enters bloodstream and goes to
lungs
-ecamplsia
-hypo or hyperthermia
-blood transfusion greater than 3 units
-DIC
-CABG surgery
-Shock
Pulmonary causes of ARDS - Answer -Pneumonia
-Inhalation injuries: smoke (firemen) or chemical
-aspiration: gastric content, near drowning
-pneumonitis
Patho of ARDS - Answer -damage to alveolar capillary membrane
-interstitial edema
-alveolar edema or pulm edema
-loss of surfactant
ARDS Phase 1 - Answer Acute Exudative Phase
-Can last up to a week
-Injury to alveoli capillary endothelial and epithelial cells
-Proteinaceous flooding and dec gas exchange
-Fluid inactivates surfactant production
ARDS Phase 2 - Answer Proliferative Phase
-Lasts up to 3 weeks or longer
-Resolution of acute phase and initial repair or lung
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-
2026 Updated.
Resp Failure - Answer -Gas exchange that is not adequate to maintain ABGs
-PaO2 less than 50
and or PaCO2 greater than 50
Types of Acute Resp Failure - Answer 1. Hypercapnic Hypoxemic- Low O2 and elevated PCO2
2. Hypoxemic- O2 less than 50% despite supplemental oxygen
Acute Resp Failure S/S - Answer -impaired oxygenation
-restlessness
-fatigue
-headache
-dyspnea
-air hunger
-tachycardic
-inc BP.
As hypoxemia progresses confusion, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, central cyanosis,
diaphoresis, respiratory arrest
Acute Resp Failure NM - Answer -Assist with intubation and maintain mechanical ventilation.
-Pts are in ICU.
-Assess respiratory status by monitoring the level of responsiveness, abg, pulse ox and vitals
Compliance - Answer -Stretch ability of the lungs
-Very compliant lungs are easy to ventilate and take only a small amt of pressure to deliver
volume. Example is emphysema
Non compliant - Answer -Lungs are stiff and hard to ventilate. Take an inc amt of pressure to
deliver a volume of gas
Example: ARDS and pneumonia
, ARDS - Answer A rapid occuring (less than 72 hours from precipitating event) progressive
form of hypoxemic resp failure which occurs in those who have sustained a severe physiological
insult pulmonary or non pulmonary in origin
Non Pulmonary causes of ARDS - Answer -Burns: over great percentage of body
-sepsis
-drug overdose
-trauma
-pancreatitis: blisters form on pancreas and when they break enters bloodstream and goes to
lungs
-ecamplsia
-hypo or hyperthermia
-blood transfusion greater than 3 units
-DIC
-CABG surgery
-Shock
Pulmonary causes of ARDS - Answer -Pneumonia
-Inhalation injuries: smoke (firemen) or chemical
-aspiration: gastric content, near drowning
-pneumonitis
Patho of ARDS - Answer -damage to alveolar capillary membrane
-interstitial edema
-alveolar edema or pulm edema
-loss of surfactant
ARDS Phase 1 - Answer Acute Exudative Phase
-Can last up to a week
-Injury to alveoli capillary endothelial and epithelial cells
-Proteinaceous flooding and dec gas exchange
-Fluid inactivates surfactant production
ARDS Phase 2 - Answer Proliferative Phase
-Lasts up to 3 weeks or longer
-Resolution of acute phase and initial repair or lung
