ANCC PMHNP Chapter 4 Questions and Answers
Cell body Ans-Also known as soma; made up of the nucleus and cytoplasm within the cell
membrane:
Stem or axon Ans-Transmits signals away from the neuron's cell body to connect with other
neurons and cells:
Dentrites Ans-Collect incoming signals from other neurons and send the signal toward the
neuron's cell body:
Nervous system Ans-Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Central nervous system (CNS) Ans-Composed of spinal cord and the brain
Peripheral nervous system Ans-Composed of peripheral nerves that connects the CNS to
receptors, muscles and glands. Includes the cranial nerves outside the brainstem and is
composed of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
Somatic nervous system Ans-Conveys information from the CNS to skeletal muscles;
responsible for voluntary movement
Autonomic nervous system Ans-Regulates internal body functions to maintain homeostasis;
conveys info from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; responsible for
involuntary movement; divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic
nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system Ans-The excitatory division; prepares the body for stress (fight
or flight); stimulates or increases activity of organs
,Parasympathetic nervous system Ans-Maintains or restores energy; inhibits or decreases
activity of organs
White matter Ans-Category of brain tissue i that is the myelinated axons of neurons
Gray matter Ans-Composed of nerve cell bodies and dendrites; it is the working area of the
brain and contains the synapses or area of neuronal connection
Sulci Ans-Small shallow grooves in the brain
Fissures Ans-Deeper grooves extending into the brain
Gyri Ans-Raised tissue areas in the brain
Four major lobes of the brain Ans-1. Frontal
2.Temporal
3. Occipital
4. Parietal
Left hemisphere Ans-Dominant in most people; controls most right-sided body functions:
Right hemisphere Ans-Controls most left-sided body functions
Corpus callosum Ans-Connects right and left hemisphere - facilitates exchange of
sensorimotor information between the two hemispheres.
, Frontal Lobe Ans-Largest and most developed lobe
Functions include: Motor function, premotor area, association cortex, seat of executive
functions, language, and personality variables
Frontal lobe dysfunction can lead to Ans-Personality, emotional and intellectual changes
Motor function/frontal lobe Ans-Responsible for controlling voluntary motor activity of
specific muscles:
Premotor area/frontal lobe Ans-Coordinates movement of multiple muscles.
Association cortex/frontal lobe Ans-Allows for multimodal sensory input to trigger memory
and lead to decision making.
Seat of executive function/frontal lobe Ans-Working memory, reasoning, planning,
prioritizing, sequencing behavior, insight, flexibility, judgment, impulse control, behavioral
cueing, intelligence and abstraction.
Language/Broca's area/frontal lobe Ans-Expressive speech
Temporal lobe Ans-Language(Wernicke's area): Receptive speech or language
comprehension. primary auditory area. memory, emotion, and integration of vision with
sensory information.
problems in the temporal lobe Ans-Visual or auditory hallucinations, aphasia and amnesia.
Cell body Ans-Also known as soma; made up of the nucleus and cytoplasm within the cell
membrane:
Stem or axon Ans-Transmits signals away from the neuron's cell body to connect with other
neurons and cells:
Dentrites Ans-Collect incoming signals from other neurons and send the signal toward the
neuron's cell body:
Nervous system Ans-Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Central nervous system (CNS) Ans-Composed of spinal cord and the brain
Peripheral nervous system Ans-Composed of peripheral nerves that connects the CNS to
receptors, muscles and glands. Includes the cranial nerves outside the brainstem and is
composed of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
Somatic nervous system Ans-Conveys information from the CNS to skeletal muscles;
responsible for voluntary movement
Autonomic nervous system Ans-Regulates internal body functions to maintain homeostasis;
conveys info from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; responsible for
involuntary movement; divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic
nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system Ans-The excitatory division; prepares the body for stress (fight
or flight); stimulates or increases activity of organs
,Parasympathetic nervous system Ans-Maintains or restores energy; inhibits or decreases
activity of organs
White matter Ans-Category of brain tissue i that is the myelinated axons of neurons
Gray matter Ans-Composed of nerve cell bodies and dendrites; it is the working area of the
brain and contains the synapses or area of neuronal connection
Sulci Ans-Small shallow grooves in the brain
Fissures Ans-Deeper grooves extending into the brain
Gyri Ans-Raised tissue areas in the brain
Four major lobes of the brain Ans-1. Frontal
2.Temporal
3. Occipital
4. Parietal
Left hemisphere Ans-Dominant in most people; controls most right-sided body functions:
Right hemisphere Ans-Controls most left-sided body functions
Corpus callosum Ans-Connects right and left hemisphere - facilitates exchange of
sensorimotor information between the two hemispheres.
, Frontal Lobe Ans-Largest and most developed lobe
Functions include: Motor function, premotor area, association cortex, seat of executive
functions, language, and personality variables
Frontal lobe dysfunction can lead to Ans-Personality, emotional and intellectual changes
Motor function/frontal lobe Ans-Responsible for controlling voluntary motor activity of
specific muscles:
Premotor area/frontal lobe Ans-Coordinates movement of multiple muscles.
Association cortex/frontal lobe Ans-Allows for multimodal sensory input to trigger memory
and lead to decision making.
Seat of executive function/frontal lobe Ans-Working memory, reasoning, planning,
prioritizing, sequencing behavior, insight, flexibility, judgment, impulse control, behavioral
cueing, intelligence and abstraction.
Language/Broca's area/frontal lobe Ans-Expressive speech
Temporal lobe Ans-Language(Wernicke's area): Receptive speech or language
comprehension. primary auditory area. memory, emotion, and integration of vision with
sensory information.
problems in the temporal lobe Ans-Visual or auditory hallucinations, aphasia and amnesia.
