nm nm nm nm
OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS
nm nm nm
WhatnmsegmentnmofnmthenmRVnmfreenmwallnmisnmseennminnmsubcostalnm4nmchamb
er?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ Inferior
WhatnmsegmentnmofnmthenmRVnmfreenmwallnmisnmseennminnmparasternalnmshortnma
xis?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ Lateral,nmanterior,nmandnminferior.
WhatnmsegmentnmofnmthenmRVnmfreenmwallnmisnmseennminnmRightnmventricularnmi
nflownmtract?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ Anteriornmandnminferior.
Thenmisonmvolumetricnmcontractionnmtimenmbeginsnmafternmwhatnmwavenmonnmth
enmEKG?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ Rnmwave.
Bloodnmflownmvolumenmchangesnminnmthenmbodynmarenmmainlynmcontrollednmby
nmwhatnmtwonmfactors? nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔
Cardiacnmfunctionnmandnmperipheralnmresistance
Normalnmsizenmfornmaorticnmvalvenmareanmis?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔
Threenmtonmfournmcentimetersnmsquared
,ThenmincisuranmportionnmOfnmaorticnmpressurenmwavenmoccursnmwhen?nm-
nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ ImmediatelynmafternmthenmAnmVnmcloses
Hownmdonmyounmdifferentiatenmbetweennmwaveformsnmobtainednmfromnmthenm
mitralnmvalvenmandnmthenmtricuspidnmvalve?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔
Thenmaorticnmflownmpatternnmcannmbenmseennmonnmthenmmitralnmvalvenmtracing
,nmbutnmthenmpulmonarynmaorticnmflownmisnmnotnmevidentnmonnmthenmtricuspidnmv
alvenmtracing
Thenmpulmonarynmcapillarynmwedgenmpressurenmisnmnormalnmifnmitnmisnmlessnmth
an:nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ 10nmMMHG.
Thenmmajoritynmofnmpulmonarynmvenousnmflownmintonmthenmleftnmatrianmoccursn
mduring? nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ EarlynmSystole
Whichnmtricuspidnmvalvenmleafletsnmisnmevaluatednminnmparasternalnmlongnmaxi
s?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ anteriornmandnmposterior
ThisnmisnmthenmonlynmviewnmwherenmthenmposteriornmLeafletsnmofnmthenmtricuspi
dnmvalvenmisnmseen.
NormalnmR-Rnmintervalnmis?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ .6-
1nmsecnm(equatesnmtonm60-100nmBPM)
,Whatnmisnmthenmdifferencenmbetweennmthenmaorticnmandnmpulmonicnmvalve?nmD
opplernmtracingsnm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔
ThenmMaxnmVelocitynmofnmthenmpulmonarynmvalvenmoccursnmlaternminnmthenme
jectionnmcyclenmthannmthenmAnmV
Wherenmisnmthenmobliquenmsinus?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔
Posteriornmtonmthenmleftnmatrium
Asnmanmpatientnmages,nmwhatnmnormallynmhappensnmtonmpulmonarynmvenousnmf
low?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔
thenmsystolicnmcomponentnmincreases,nmwhilenmthenmdiastolicnmcomponentnm
decreases
Tricuspidnmvalvenmflownmnormallynmincreasesnmornmdecreasesnmwithnminspirat
ion?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ Increasesnmslightly
Cardiacnmoutputnmisnmdirectlynmornmindirectlynmrelatednmtonmstrokenmvolumenma
ndnmheartnmrate?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ Directly
Whatnmwavenmrepresentsnmatrialnmsystolenmonnmthenmdopplernmtracingnmofnmthen
mpulmonarynmvein? nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ Anmwave
, WhatnmgradenmofnmdiastolicnmdysfunctionnmisnmindicatednmbynmanmlownmEFnman
dnmannmE/Anmrationmofnmovernm2?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔ GradenmIII
WherenmarenmthenmbasalnmsegmentsnmlocatednminnmthenmLV?nm-
nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔
BetweennmthenmAVnmgroovenm&nmthenmtipnmofnmthenmpapillarynmmuscle
WherenmarenmthenmmidnmsegmentsnmlocatednminnmthenmLV?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer
✔ ✔ Segmentnmthatnmincludesnmthenmpapillarynmmuscle
WherenmarenmthenmapicalnmsegmentsnmlocatednminnmLV?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔
✔ Betweennmthenmbasenmofnmthenmpapillarynmmusclesnmtonmthenmapex
Hownmdoesnmdopplernmevaluationnmdemonstratenmthatnmthenmpulmonarynmvasc
ularnmresistancenmisnmnormallynmlowernmthannmresistancenminnmthenmsystemicnm
vascularnmsystem?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔ ✔
Thenmflownmthroughnmthenmaorticnmvalvenmreachesnmanmpeaknmvelocitynmfaste
rnmthannmthenmflownmthroughnmthenmpulmonarynmvalve.
Whatnmisnmanothernmtermnmfornmhypereosinophilia?nm-nmcorrectnmanswer✔
✔
Loefflernmendocarditis;nmcausesnmendocardialnmthickeningnmofnmthenminflo
wnmtractsnmandnmfibrousnmobliterationnmofnmthenmleftnm&nmrightnmventricularnma
pices