PRN1409 / PRN 1409 Exam 2 (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Client-Centered Care III Review | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A Guaranteed | Rasmussen

PRN1409 / PRN 1409 Exam 2 (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Client-Centered Care III Review | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A Guaranteed | Rasmussen Q: Activated glutaraldehyde is used to disinfect endoscopes for: Show answer choices 5 minutes 10 minutes 20 minutes 60 minutes Answer 20 minutes Q: Cidex™ is the trade name for which of the following methods of sterilization? Show answer choices ethylene oxide glutaraldehyde hydrogen peroxide gas plasma peracetic acid Answer glutaraldehyde Q: All of the following are environmental specifications for the decontamination room in CSPD EXCEPT: Show answer choices air exchange rate, minimum of 10 per hour humidity between 35% and 72% positive air pressure maintained temperature between 64°F and 70°F Answer Q: Contamination caused by passage of microorganisms through a sterilized package by way of moisture wicking is termed: Show answer choices saturation strike-through solubilization sequestration Answer strike-through Q: During manual cleaning of surgical instruments, what type of solution should be used? Show answer choices cold water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with high pH lukewarm water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with neutral pH hot water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with high pH cold sterile water and enzymatic solution with low pH Answer lukewarm water, detergent, and enzymatic cleaner with neutral pH Q: What is the common name for the high-level disinfectant sodium hypochlorite? Show answer choices ammonia bleach peroxide vinegar Answer bleach Q: What is the term for the process of lubricating stiffened stainless steel surgical instruments by immersion in a water-soluble solution? Show answer choices bathing dunking greasing Answer milking milking Q: What is the type of process the ultrasonic cleaner uses to dislodge minute particles of soil and organic debris? Show answer choices cavitation chelation emulsification solubilization Answer Answer cavitation Q: Which of the following chemicals is a high-level disinfectant when items are immersed for 20 to 30 minutes and a sterilant if items remain immersed for 10 hours? Show answer choices glutaraldehyde isopropyl alcohol quaternary ammonium compounds sodium hypochlorite glutaraldehyde Q: Which of the following cleaning methods for surgical instrumentation relies on bubbles imploding, creating a vacuum that dislodges minute particles in crevices of instruments? Show answer choices manual soak ultrasonic cleaner washer decontaminator washer sterilizer Answer ultrasonic cleaner Q: Which of the following is NOT a classification of patient care items? Show answer choices critical hypercritical noncritical semicritical Answer hypercritical Q: Which of the following patient care items would be classified as noncritical? Show answer choices colonoscopes hypodermic needles laryngoscopes pulse oximeters Answer pulse oximeters Q: Which types of instruments must be cleaned with bristle-brushes on wires, pipe cleaners, or handheld pressure guns? Show answer choices microsurgical scissors self-retaining retractors suction tip lumens tissue forceps Answer suction tip lumens Q: Which type of surgical instrument must NEVER be immersed in any type of mechanical decontaminating equipment? Show answer choices powered stainless steel titanium tungsten-carbide Answer powered Q: Which type of chemical solution is made of catalysts that aid in breaking down proteinaceous debris such as blood and fat? Show answer choices antiseptic disinfectant emulsifier enzymatic Answer enzymatic Q: Gastrointestinal endoscopes are characterized ________________ under the Classification of Patient Care Items sterilization system as: Show answer choices critical noncritical semi-critical non of these answers are correct Answer semi-critical Q: The number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time; gross contamination on surgical instruments or supplies is referred to as: Show answer choices bacteriocidal bioburden biological contamination HAI Answer bioburden Q: Absence of pathogenic microorganisms or disease is ___________________. Show answer choices bioburden disinfection asepsis sepsis Answer asepsis Q: Items used for invasive procedures or vascular access are considered which classification of patient care items? Show answer choices critical semi-critical noncritical super critical Answer critical Q: The shelf life for glutaraldehyde without a surfactant is 14 days, with a surfactant the shelf life increases to _____________. Show answer choices 20 days 22 days 2 months 28 days Answer 28 days Q: Another name for carbolic acid is _______________. Show answer choices quaternary ammonium sodium hypochlorite phenol gluteraldehyde Answer phenol Which of the following disinfectant compounds, with the proper concentration, is tuberculocidal, bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal, but not sporicidal. Its advantages are that it is nontoxic to the skin and kills a wide variety of microbes. Its disadvantages are that it has an odor, it is corrosive to surgical steel instruments, and it is highly flammable. Show answer choices glutaraldehyde sodium hypochlorite carbolic acid isopropyl alcohol Answer isopropyl alcohol Why must items be cleaned and dried prior to immersion in glutaraldehyde? Show answer choices They don't need to be cleaned and dried. The disinfectant is strong enough. Water dilution and organic matter of any type can weaken the glutaraldehyde solution. It is a fire hazard to combine glutaraldehyde and organic material. Noxious fumes will arise from the mixture of water, organic material, and glutaraldehyde Answer Water dilution and organic matter of any type can weaken the glutaraldehyde solution. When should a room be terminally cleaned? Show answer choices once a day before a latex allergy patient enters the room following a contact precaution case (such as MRSA) all of these answers are correct Answer all of these answers are correct Temperature in the CSPD decontamination room should be keep between _____________ and __________________ Fahrenheit. Show answer choices 68 & 73 64 & 70 75 & 80 the temperature does not matter in CSPD Answer 64 & 70 Humidity in CSPD should remain between ________________ and ___________________. Show answer choices 20% & 60% 30% & 80% 35% and 72% 45% and 82% Answer 35% and 72% The minimum air exchange rate in CSPD is _______________ times per hour. Show answer choices 10 20 30 40 Answer 10 _________________ pressure must be maintained in CSPD. Show answer choices positive negative semi-positive the pressure does not matter in CSPD semi-positive When does the overall decontamination process begin? Show answer choices preoperatively intraoperatively postoperatively perioperatively perioperatively Is it better to use sterile water or sterile saline to wipe instruments intraoperatively to keep the organic material at a minimum? Show answer choices either one is fine sterile water sterile saline it is better to use an enzymatic cleaner intraoperatively sterile water ________________ is the process of binding minerals, such as iron and magnesium, in the solution. This prevents their deposit on the surface of surgical instruments, which causes spotting. Show answer choices cavitation emulsification solubilization chelation chelation Please put the following three-sink arrangement for manually cleaning instruments in the correct order: a. intermediate rinse with distilled water b. wash sink with water and detergent solution c. final rinse with distilled water Show answer choices b, a, c a, b, c c, a, b c, b, a b, a, c What type of water is best for rinsing instruments during the three step decontamination process? Show answer choices tap water saline it doesn't matter distilled water distilled water Why is it important that all instruments are disassembled and hinged instruments left open during the decontamination process?: Show answer choices because it is easier to prep the instruments water and the cleaning agent need to be able to touch every surface of the instrument both of these answers are correct none of these answers are correct water and the cleaning agent need to be able to touch every surface of the instrument Does the washer-decontaminator have a sterilizing phase? Show answer choices yes no sometimes only certain models NO Why can stainless steel instruments not be placed next to instruments made of other metals, such as brass or copper? Show answer choices no instruments are made with copper or brass electrolytic conduction reaction may occur an explosion will happen and ruin the washer-sterilizer none of these answers are correct electrolytic conduction reaction may occur The ceilings, walls, air vents, supply cabinets, sterile supply rooms, and equipment storage areas should be cleaned _________________. Show answer choices daily weekly monthly only when soil is visible weekly An inanimate object that harbors microorganisms, including dust and environmental surfaces. Show answer choices vector pathogen fomite spore fomite Chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not spores, usually used on inanimate objects due to potential for toxicity in living tissues. Show answer choices sterilant antiseptic sporicide disinfectant disinfectant Living carrier that transmits disease; may show no signs of disease itself. Some examples of this might be a mosquito or a tick. Show answer choices fomite vector spore fungus vector The contamination of a person, object, or environment by contact with contaminants from another source. Show answer choices asepsis cross-contamination infection sepsis cross-contamination A laboratory procedure useful in classifying bacteria using a staining procedure is: Show answer choices gram stain iodine stain acid-fast stain differential stain gram stain A nonsterile person should approach a sterile area face forward while maintaining a distance of: Show answer choices 6 inches 12 inches 2 feet 6 feet 12 inches All doors into a restricted area must remain closed during an operation to: Show answer choices preserve negative air pressure preserve positive air pressure reduce air turbulence none of the above preserve positive air pressure All factors increase the surgical patient's risk for infection EXCEPT: Show answer choices location of surgery health of patient length of procedure position of the patient position of the patient An acceptable action when drying the hands and arms after the surgical scrub is to: Show answer choices Dry both hands and arms independently starting at the fingertips, to 2 inches above the elbows Dry both hands and arms independently starting at the elbows, to 2 inches below the fingertips Dry both hands and arms independently starting at the fingertips, to 2 inches below the elbows Dry both hands and arms independently starting at the fingertips, to 3 inches above the elbow Dry both hands and arms independently starting at the fingertips, to 2 inches above the elbows An operating room where a surgical procedure is in progress would be considered what type of area? Show answer choices biohazardous decontamination restricted semirestricted restricted Before opening any sterilely packaged item, what is MOST important to verify about the package? Show answer choices date sterilized integrity of package internal indicator/integrator sterilization cycle number integrity of package During the process of setting up the sterile field, efficiency and economy of motion recommend that the surgical technologist (ST): Show answer choices move items only once if possible position back table close to door place as many instruments on Mayo stand as possible request that circulating RN open all supplies for case after ST is gowned and gloved move items only once if possible E. coli is part of the normal flora of the ____________________ of humans. Show answer choices skins hair intestinal track none of the above intestinal track Eyewear, goggles, and/or face shields should be worn: Show answer choices on every case on orthopedic cases on vascular cases on positive HIV cases on orthopedic cases HEPA filters exchange the air in the OR how many times per hour? Show answer choices Between 20 and 25 Between 10 and 15 10 Less than 10 Between 20 and 25 Humidity in each operating room should be kept between what percent? Show answer choices 10% and 50% 20% and 60% 30% and 70% It does not matter what the humidity percentage is in the operating room. 20% and 60% If there is a break in sterile technique during the procedure, the STSR should tell: Show answer choices the surgeon the person who broke technique the circulator everyone in the lounge the person who broke technique Scrub technique ends Show answer choices 2 in below the elbow just below the elbow at the elbow 2 in above the elbow 2 in above the elbow Sterilely attired surgical team members should pass one another in any of the following ways EXCEPT: Show answer choices back to back front to front front to back rotating 360° around front to back The ability to ______________ the needs of the surgeon during surgical case management is one of the most important skills of the surgical technologist. Show answer choices ignore predict anticipate Both B and C Both B and C The body's first line of defense against the invasion of pathogens is: Show answer choices the immune response skin and mucous membrane linings cellular and chemical responses phagocytosis skin and mucous membrane linings The emergency shut-off valve for the supply of oxygen into an operating room is designated by which color? Show answer choices black blue green red green The following comply with protocol for protective eyewear EXCEPT: Show answer choices impervious face shields can be worn goggles can be worn personal prescription eyeglasses all eye covers must extend from the front to the side personal prescription eyeglasses The surgical scrub is: Show answer choices sterilization of the skin mechanical cleansing of the skin chemical cleansing of the skin mechanical washing and chemical antisepsis of the skin mechanical washing and chemical antisepsis of the skin To secure the Mayo stand from moving during draping, what should be done? Show answer choices Push the Mayo stand against the wall. Step on one leg of the Mayo stand. Have the circulator hold the Mayo stand post. Grasp the back side of the tray with one hand. Step on one leg of the Mayo stand. Up to what area of the arms does a surgical technologist scrub? Show answer choices 1 inch below the elbows 2 inches below the elbows 1 inch above the elbows 2 inches above the elbows 2 inches above the elbows What bacteria is the common cause for postoperative wound infections? Show answer choices S. aureus Rickettsiae Haemophilus influenzae Candida S. aureus What does the circulator verify before the surgical technologist places the basket of instruments on the back table? Show answer choices The internal indicator has changed color. The filter on the container lid has changed color. The filters on the bottom of the container are intact and the container is dry. The numbers of instruments in the tray are correct on the count sheet from CSPD. The filters on the bottom of the container are intact and the container is dry. What is the appropriate method for delivering a sterile item to the back table from a peel package? Show answer choices Open peel pack away from self, using top flap to cover hand and arm; open item over center of back table. Open package laterally, and carefully slide item over glued edge onto top of back table. Open package toward self; then project item into air, aiming for back table. Open package laterally and completely; gently toss item without touching glued edge or going over back table. Open package laterally and completely; gently toss item without touching glued edge or going over back table. What is the central supply and processing department (CSPD) considered to be? Show answer choices unrestricted semi-restricted restricted none of the above semi-restricted What is the locker room where the surgical staff changes and keeps personal belongings considered to be? Show answer choices unrestricted semi-restricted restricted pseudo-restricted unrestricted When turning the sterile gown, what is handed to the circulator that completes the gowning process? Show answer choices gloved hand glove wrapper gown tab or card gown wrapper gown tab or card When opening sterile supplies, all the following are proper techniques EXCEPT: Show answer choices do not readjust the table drape after it has been opened open the first flap away from you on an unwrapped item remember not to lean over the sterile field when opening items in a peel pouch, slowly allow the item to slide out of the package onto the sterile field when opening items in a peel pouch, slowly allow the item to slide out of the package onto the sterile field When opening a wrapped item such as a gown on a Mayo stand, the contents and wrapper are considered sterile up to what distance from the edge of the wrapper? Show answer choices all the way to the edge 1 inch from the edge 2 inches from the edge Only the item itself is sterile. 1 inch from the edge When opening a sterile gown wrapper onto an unsterile mayo, the scrub tech should open the top flap: Show answer choices toward self away from self after the sides over sterile field away from self When flipping a sterile item onto the field, the circulator may: Show answer choices lean over the sterile field to shake item out of package project item without reaching over the sterile field shake item into sterile basin stand lean over sterile linen pack and drop item onto it project item without reaching over the sterile field What should the surgical technologist do with his or her gown and gloves in preparation for donning after scrubbing? Show answer choices Open and toss gown and gloves into the basin set. Open and toss gown and gloves onto the back table. Open and toss gown and gloves onto unsterile Mayo stand. Open gown wrapper on unsterile Mayo stand, and open and toss gloves onto gown. Open gown wrapper on unsterile Mayo stand, and open and toss gloves onto gown. What is the term used to describe the process of removing all soiled linen, waste, and instruments from the room and cleaning of furniture, floors, or other contaminated surfaces in preparation for opening new supplies for a subsequent case? Show answer choices changeover concurrent cleaning terminal cleaning turnover turnover What is the term used for the process of cleaning an OR after one procedure and preparing for a subsequent one? Show answer choices turnover crossover passover changeover turnover What is the term used for the area beneath the fingernails that is cleaned with a pick during the surgical scrub? Show answer choices subacromial subdermal sublingual subungual subungual What is the term for the condition of a surgical technologist's skin after performing a surgical scrub? Show answer choices bacteriostatic nosocomial surgically clean terminally sterile surgically clean What is the proper way to open a small, sterilely wrapped item for delivery to the sterile field? Show answer choices First flap is pulled and opened away from self and tucked into palm, side flaps are pulled and tucked into palm, and last flap is pulled toward self and secured before tossing item onto field. First flap is pulled and opened toward self, the side flaps are pulled open, and the last flap is pulled and opened away from self; then item is tossed onto field. Right flap is pulled and tucked into palm, left flap is pulled and tucked, top flap is pulled and opened toward self, and the bottom flap is opened away from self and secured before tossing onto field. Left flap is pulled and tucked into palm, right flap is pulled and tucked, top flap is pulled and opened away from self and tucked, and bottom flap is pulled toward self and secured before tossing item onto field. First flap is pulled and opened away from self and tucked into palm, side flaps are pulled and tucked into palm, and last flap is pulled toward self and secured before tossing item onto field. What is the standard safety margin on package wrappers? Show answer choices up to the edge less than 1 inch 1 inch none of the above 1 inch What is the purpose of a radiofrequency tracking system in the operating room? Show answer choices Aid in chargeable items being input into system. Assist CSPD personnel in locating instrument trays. Prevent potential for patient misidentification. Reduce possibility of retained foreign objects. Reduce possibility of retained foreign objects What is the name of the common disposable surgical gown style? Show answer choices cylindrical turnaround wraparound circumferential wraparound Which component of personal protective equipment (PPE) has shown the ability to decrease disease transmission from needle punctures? Show answer choices double gloving full coverage system lead aprons/shields splash guard mask double gloving Which gloving method should be performed by the surgical technologist after donning a sterile gown and before setting up the back table? Show answer choices assisted gloving closed gloving open gloving triple gloving closed gloving Which of the following describes the configuration of a Mayo stand cover? Show answer choices flat rigid cylindrical wraparound cylindrical Which of the following descriptions of how to pour liquids into a container on the sterile field is correct? Show answer choices Hold the bottle 6 inches above and over the basin. Hold the bottle 6 inches above but with only the lip of the bottle over the basin. Hold the bottle 12 inches above and over the basin. Hold the bottle 12 inches above and with only the lip of the bottle over the basin. Hold the bottle 12 inches above and with only the lip of the bottle over the basin. Which of the following diseases is NOT a form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy? Show answer choices Creutzfeldt-Jakob mad cow scrapie toxic shock toxic shock Which of the following is an acceptable position for placement of a scrubbed, gowned, and gloved surgical technologist's hands? Show answer choices clasped together in front at waist level grasping edge of draped back table with fingers coiled under table edge hanging down at sides with hands below table level tucked into axillary region (armpits) clasped together in front at waist level Which of the following is the MOST important factor in a surgical technologist's role in preventing surgical site infections? Show answer choices extensive knowledge of anatomy high GPA while a student participation in the "time out" strict surgical conscience strict surgical conscience Which of the following is the large piece of OR furniture onto which most sterile supplies are opened and organized for use during a case? Show answer choices back table Mayo stand prep table ring stand back table Which of the following microbes is transmitted through airborne droplet nuclei, usually infects the lungs and requires the staff wear an N-95 mask when around the affected patient? Show answer choices Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Which of the following techniques of counting sponges on the sterile field is an example of best practice? Show answer choices Count packages, leaving paper bands around and intact to prevent mixing of sponges before use. Count quietly and to yourself, and record totals with a skin marker on the back table cover. Remove paper bands around sponges; separate each sponge into separate piles while counting aloud with the circulator Remove paper bands around sponges, hold pack in hand and fan out to separate, and then count aloud while touching each sponge. Remove paper bands around sponges; separate each sponge into separate piles while counting aloud with the circulator Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate method of performing a surgical scrub/skin preparation? Show answer choices anatomical timed brushless/waterless counted strokes medical hand wash medical hand wash Which piece of OR furniture is usually the MOST proximal to the operative site? Show answer choices back table kick bucket Mayo stand ring stand Mayo stand Which piece of equipment is a small stand that is moved up to the operative field and extends across the patient? Its height is adjustable and is intended for the scrub to keep their most commonly used instruments throughout the surgical procedure Show answer choices backtable mayo ring stand prep stand mayo Which piece of equipment is low to the floor, has wheels, and should be lined with a biohazard bag because soiled surgical sponges are intended to be put there after use during the surgical procedure. Show answer choices prep stand kick bucket mayo linen bag kick bucket Which two members of the surgical team are responsible for performing the counts to prevent retained items? Show answer choices circulator and surgeon circulator and surgical technologist surgeon and first assistant surgeon and surgical technologist circulator and surgical technologist Which type of ventilation system provides a supply of clean air and reduces contaminants and fumes from the OR? Show answer choices negative, bidirectional negative, unidirectional positive, bidirectional positive, unidirectional positive, unidirectional _____________ is the physical removal of blood, body fluids, and/or gross debris from an inanimate object. Show answer choices disinfecting sterilizing cleaning aseptic principles cleaning What type of disinfectant kills most microbes, except spores and prions? Show answer choices high intermediate low all of these are correct high Why are islands of particular concern for conservation biologists? unusual high rates of extinction Islands small populations leads to lower genetic diversity Which activity leads to the most extinction on islands? human activity What is one of the causes to threaten habitats on islands? invasive species In the Macarther Wilson Model, island colonization of new species is a function of the islands what from the mainland? distance In the MacArther Wilson Model, the extinction rate is a function of the islands what? size How is the primary productivity measured? amount of solar energy captured by producers Which kingdom is likely to have colonized islands first? Plantae What is the most common definition of biodiversity? the number of different species in a given area With biodiversity on the larger scale, what is the term we consider it to be? ecosystem diversity A team of scientists is studying detailed internal structures of a newly discovered cellular organism. What type of microscopy tool should the scientists use in order to observe these structures? Transmission electron microscope What type of microscope would be most effective for studying a living cell? Light microscope Which scientist played a role in developing the cell theory? Theodor Schwann Which of the following is true regarding the cell theory? cells are the basic unit of life A scientist observes a new organism through a microscope. Which of the following observations tells her that the organism is eukaryotic? The organism has a membrane bound nucleus. A scientist is viewing a cell under a microscope. The presence of which of the following cell structures would tell him that the cell is eukaryotic? nucleus Which of the following choices correctly describes the composition of the cell membrane? Contains lipids and proteins Which of the following choices correctly describes the composition of a ribosome? Contains RNA and proteins Which of the following choices does NOT describe a function of the plasma membrane? Synthesizing proteins A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Most eukaryotic cells cannot divide this quickly. Which of the following statements best explains this difference? Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells. What is the main function of cytoplasm in a cell? Suspending cellular structures and providing a place for cellular functions to take place Which of the following is true regarding plasmodesmata? Plasmodesmata allow for neighboring plant cells to transport ions, water, and other substances. Which of the following statements regarding chloroplasts is false? Thylakoids are pigments found within chloroplasts that give plants their green color. Which of the following statements is true regarding gap junctions? Gap junctions form when connexons align in adjacent animal cells to form a channel. Species of Caribbean anoles can be categorized into groups, called , according to their body characteristics and the ecological niches they occupy. ecomorphs Male anoles use their dewlaps to communicate and to attract females of their own species. What are an adaptive explanation for why the dewlap of one species is brighter and that of another species darker? The brighter dewlap is easier to see in environments that are shady, and the darker dewlap is easier to see in environments that are darker. No two species of lizards living in the same area have the same dewlap color. The different dewlaps keep species reproductively isolated What is the term that theorizes that no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time in a particular locale if resources are limited? competitive exclusion principle Who are the primary colonizers of an ecosystem? producers In conservation biology, which landmass would be of most interest? island What does the Macarthur and Wilson model predict? equilibrium Does the extinction rate on an island have a positive or negative relationship with the number of species on the island? negative Do we consider plants primary producers or consumers? producers Why are plants likely the first to colonize an island? seeds can travel in the wind An is a structure or function that confers a greater ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. adaptation Different species can independently evolve similar traits by adapting to similar environments or ecological niches in a phenomenon known as ___. convergent evolution Lichen and moss are? mutualistic Independent variable goes on which axis? x What is the term that represents the relative amount of plants necessary for the prey to survive and reproduce? relative herbivory Dependent variable goes on which axis? y