Kaplan Pediatric Final
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia - ANS-overproduction of immature WBCs
-infection hazard (report fever), bruising easily
-weight pads when menstruating
-packed RBC for anemia
Acyanotic Defects - ANS--S/S: tachycardia, susceptible peripheral pulses, faded; *tachypnea,
dyspnea, grunting, cough; HF-pulmonary*, frequent breaks at the same time as ingesting,
impaired bonding
-Treatment: surgical procedure, medicinal drug: digoxin/diuretics/ACE; quiet surroundings &
rest, frequent feeding breaks, version bonding conduct
Increased pulmonary waft
1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD): Hole between ventricles; maximum commonplace; Many
VSDs close spontaneously all through the primary yr of life.
-Blood flows from the higher pressured left side to the lower pressured right aspect causing an
increased blood volume within the proper ventricle and lungs: RA to RV, out pulmonary artery to
lungs, in pulmonary veins to LA, Then to LV (strain in LV reasons blood to go through hole &
returned to RV; little or no oxygenated blood thru aorta
-Complications: overload & hypertrophy of RV, reduced CO, HF-pulmonary
2. *Atrial septal illness* (ASD): Hole in atria which permits blood to glide from left atrium into
proper atrium.
--*antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis; surgical procedure*
3. Patent ductus arteriosus: bridge between aorta and pulmonary artery ordinary in utero,
however if does now not near then an excessive amount of blood in lungs *given indomethacin
to close duct also NSAIDs: Ibuprofen*
Obstruction of blood waft from LV:
1. Coarctation of the aorta: Localized malformation resulting in narrowing of the aorta. Causes
improved strain proximal to the illness and reduced stress distal to the obstruction
---Treatment: Resection. Grafting. Balloon angioplasty
2. Pulmonic stenosis: Narrowing of pulmonary artery front. The greater the narrowing, the more
the symptoms
---Treatment: Balloon angioplasty. Rarely - surgical operation.
3. Aortic stenosis
Adolescent nutrition - ANS-Growth spurt will increase nutritional needs:
-Girls need improved iron because of menarche.
-Folic acid crucial in girls.
-Calcium desires extended when milk consumption is decreased (Maximum bone mass is now)
-Many need to eat extended quantities of: Calories.Sugar.Fat.Cholesterol.Sodium.
,-Eating issues arise regularly
-Daily intake: 6 ounces of complete grains. 2½ cups colourful greens. 2 cups fruit. 3 cups
milk.Meats/proteins 5½ oz.. Carbohydrates if ordinary to slight exercise.
AKI: Nephrotic Syndrome - ANS-Glomerular permeability to proteins; Massive protein loss in
urine (extra not unusual in more youthful youngsters)
----Minimal-trade nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) most not unusual kind of nephrotic syndrome in
youngsters.
-S/S: *Periorbital or ankle edema, anasarca (frame edema)*, *weight benefit*, decreased urinary
output, Pallor, fatigue, Hyperalbuminuria, hypoalbuminemia, Ascites: Respiratory trouble,
Abdominal ache, Anorexia, Diarrhea, Irritability, Lethargy; Hypovolemia, Hyperlipidemia, HTN
(past due sign), HF or Pulmonary congestion
-Treatment: Restrict salt in weight loss plan, Corticosteroid therapy/Immunosuppressant therapy,
diuretics
-Nursing concerns: Monitor consumption and output, every day weights, Test urine for albumin,
Measure abdominal girth, Protect from higher respiratory infection (Lung sounds), Effectiveness
of diuretics, Skin for breakdown
Asthma - ANS-Bronchial constriction, inflammation & extended mucus; obstructive airflow
(reversible & intermittent & reactive)
-at danger: allergy reaction (allergic reactions), intrinsic factors (meds like aspirin, NSAIDs, beta
blockers; severe temps, viral infections-top), exercise & cold air = bronchospasm, GERD
(aspiration)
-troubles for the duration of assault: bronchospasm, airway swelling, thick sputum, acidosis
(viable res failure; accessory muscular tissues, air trapping); repeated attacks = permanent
bronchial wall adjustments (thick)
-S/S at some stage in acute: wheezing in the course of expiration (improved period; loss of
wheezing no longer right signal), non-productive cough, sit up straight or lean ahead (tripod),
increased RR, tachycardia
-Triggers: external vs intrinsic (whilst; keep tune), baseline fame (height expiratory waft)
-Short acting bronchodilators: albuterol (tremors/heart palpations, tachy, angina, headache,
Increased glucose)
-Anticholinergics: ipratropium (urinary retention, blurry vision, dry mouth, constipation)
-Inhaled corticosteroids (Contacts need to now not be worn at some point of remedy.);
epinephrine if acute episode; admin *humid heat oxygen*
-Leukotriene-Receptor Blockers (Montelukast): dilate airlines, lower mucus & infection; Not a
rescue medicinal drug
Blood stress - ANS-typically above three years
Size of cuff: 1/2-2/3 region of extremity
Cancer: Neuroblastoma - ANS--Malignant hemorrhagic tumor.
-Primarily in infants and kids.
Located in mediastinal and retroperitoneal place (lung to abdomen)
, Composed of neuroblast cells that create sympathetic machine and adrenal medulla
Car seat protection - ANS--Rear facing = Place little one and little one in lower back seat in rear
facing seats (birth-2 years OR 20 LBS)
-Forward facing = 20-50 lbs (2-4 years)
-Booster = *at the least 40 kilos or more* belt-positioning booster seat (four-8 years)
-person seat belt while 4 feet nine inches in peak (eight to 12 years old)
Central Precocious Puberty - ANS-Children increase sexually at a young age:
--Girls earlier than the age of 8. Boys earlier than the age of nine.
-Treatment: monthly injection of luteinizing hormone-freeing hormone (Synthetic GnRH);
progestin, *Children characteristic at their chronological ages: age appropriate clothes*
-Risk: Brain injury, Brain contamination together with meningitis, Radiation or chemotherapy for
most cancers treatment
Cerebral palsy - ANS-permanent & non innovative neuro-muscular sickness
-Commonly now not intellectually impaired, however motor
-Cause unknown; in utero: Genetic elements.Maternal infections, labor and shipping - loss of
oxygen, Postnatal elements: Infections. Stroke. Trauma, low birth weight, shaken baby
-May be: Spastic. Hypotonic. Dystonic. Combination of all.
-S/S: *negative head control after 3 months*!!!, early hand dominance, stiff or rigid palms or
legs, pushing away or arching the again, limp frame posture, cannot sit up straight by means of
8 months, Muscle spasticity and/or tension, continual reflexes, hyperreflexia, ankle clonus,
swallowing and/or sucking troubles, Speech impairments, Urinary incontinence, Visual/hearing
impairments, Seizures.
-Important to maximize the kid's functioning (all of the treatment plans; sell independence);
normal bowel/bladder, no aspiration, good communique, domestic safety, pain meds & botulism
injections (botox; S/E = muscle weak spot--eye/resp/bladder), surgical procedure for spasticity
or contractures if not reply to different remedy
-Complications: Muscle contractures, Breathing headaches, Nutritional deficits because of
troubles swallowing, Impaired eye muscle mass, Osteoarthritis, Depression associated with
social isolation
chemotherapy - ANS--Adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression. Nausea and vomiting.
Altered immunologic response. Impaired oral mucous membrane. Stomatitis (study mouth).
Fatigue. Sterility in boys
-Nursing considerations: Monitor: Bleeding, Appetite, Nutrition, Intake and output, Avoid
injections and rectal temperatures & Put pressure on venipuncture websites, Prophylactic
antiemetics; Provide small, frequent meals; Prevent infection, Monitor and provide oral hygiene,
Administer antifungals and anesthetics as ordered.
-Client education: S/S infection & prevent contamination, Avoid warm and highly spiced meals,
preserve rest and preserve strength
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia - ANS-overproduction of immature WBCs
-infection hazard (report fever), bruising easily
-weight pads when menstruating
-packed RBC for anemia
Acyanotic Defects - ANS--S/S: tachycardia, susceptible peripheral pulses, faded; *tachypnea,
dyspnea, grunting, cough; HF-pulmonary*, frequent breaks at the same time as ingesting,
impaired bonding
-Treatment: surgical procedure, medicinal drug: digoxin/diuretics/ACE; quiet surroundings &
rest, frequent feeding breaks, version bonding conduct
Increased pulmonary waft
1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD): Hole between ventricles; maximum commonplace; Many
VSDs close spontaneously all through the primary yr of life.
-Blood flows from the higher pressured left side to the lower pressured right aspect causing an
increased blood volume within the proper ventricle and lungs: RA to RV, out pulmonary artery to
lungs, in pulmonary veins to LA, Then to LV (strain in LV reasons blood to go through hole &
returned to RV; little or no oxygenated blood thru aorta
-Complications: overload & hypertrophy of RV, reduced CO, HF-pulmonary
2. *Atrial septal illness* (ASD): Hole in atria which permits blood to glide from left atrium into
proper atrium.
--*antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis; surgical procedure*
3. Patent ductus arteriosus: bridge between aorta and pulmonary artery ordinary in utero,
however if does now not near then an excessive amount of blood in lungs *given indomethacin
to close duct also NSAIDs: Ibuprofen*
Obstruction of blood waft from LV:
1. Coarctation of the aorta: Localized malformation resulting in narrowing of the aorta. Causes
improved strain proximal to the illness and reduced stress distal to the obstruction
---Treatment: Resection. Grafting. Balloon angioplasty
2. Pulmonic stenosis: Narrowing of pulmonary artery front. The greater the narrowing, the more
the symptoms
---Treatment: Balloon angioplasty. Rarely - surgical operation.
3. Aortic stenosis
Adolescent nutrition - ANS-Growth spurt will increase nutritional needs:
-Girls need improved iron because of menarche.
-Folic acid crucial in girls.
-Calcium desires extended when milk consumption is decreased (Maximum bone mass is now)
-Many need to eat extended quantities of: Calories.Sugar.Fat.Cholesterol.Sodium.
,-Eating issues arise regularly
-Daily intake: 6 ounces of complete grains. 2½ cups colourful greens. 2 cups fruit. 3 cups
milk.Meats/proteins 5½ oz.. Carbohydrates if ordinary to slight exercise.
AKI: Nephrotic Syndrome - ANS-Glomerular permeability to proteins; Massive protein loss in
urine (extra not unusual in more youthful youngsters)
----Minimal-trade nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) most not unusual kind of nephrotic syndrome in
youngsters.
-S/S: *Periorbital or ankle edema, anasarca (frame edema)*, *weight benefit*, decreased urinary
output, Pallor, fatigue, Hyperalbuminuria, hypoalbuminemia, Ascites: Respiratory trouble,
Abdominal ache, Anorexia, Diarrhea, Irritability, Lethargy; Hypovolemia, Hyperlipidemia, HTN
(past due sign), HF or Pulmonary congestion
-Treatment: Restrict salt in weight loss plan, Corticosteroid therapy/Immunosuppressant therapy,
diuretics
-Nursing concerns: Monitor consumption and output, every day weights, Test urine for albumin,
Measure abdominal girth, Protect from higher respiratory infection (Lung sounds), Effectiveness
of diuretics, Skin for breakdown
Asthma - ANS-Bronchial constriction, inflammation & extended mucus; obstructive airflow
(reversible & intermittent & reactive)
-at danger: allergy reaction (allergic reactions), intrinsic factors (meds like aspirin, NSAIDs, beta
blockers; severe temps, viral infections-top), exercise & cold air = bronchospasm, GERD
(aspiration)
-troubles for the duration of assault: bronchospasm, airway swelling, thick sputum, acidosis
(viable res failure; accessory muscular tissues, air trapping); repeated attacks = permanent
bronchial wall adjustments (thick)
-S/S at some stage in acute: wheezing in the course of expiration (improved period; loss of
wheezing no longer right signal), non-productive cough, sit up straight or lean ahead (tripod),
increased RR, tachycardia
-Triggers: external vs intrinsic (whilst; keep tune), baseline fame (height expiratory waft)
-Short acting bronchodilators: albuterol (tremors/heart palpations, tachy, angina, headache,
Increased glucose)
-Anticholinergics: ipratropium (urinary retention, blurry vision, dry mouth, constipation)
-Inhaled corticosteroids (Contacts need to now not be worn at some point of remedy.);
epinephrine if acute episode; admin *humid heat oxygen*
-Leukotriene-Receptor Blockers (Montelukast): dilate airlines, lower mucus & infection; Not a
rescue medicinal drug
Blood stress - ANS-typically above three years
Size of cuff: 1/2-2/3 region of extremity
Cancer: Neuroblastoma - ANS--Malignant hemorrhagic tumor.
-Primarily in infants and kids.
Located in mediastinal and retroperitoneal place (lung to abdomen)
, Composed of neuroblast cells that create sympathetic machine and adrenal medulla
Car seat protection - ANS--Rear facing = Place little one and little one in lower back seat in rear
facing seats (birth-2 years OR 20 LBS)
-Forward facing = 20-50 lbs (2-4 years)
-Booster = *at the least 40 kilos or more* belt-positioning booster seat (four-8 years)
-person seat belt while 4 feet nine inches in peak (eight to 12 years old)
Central Precocious Puberty - ANS-Children increase sexually at a young age:
--Girls earlier than the age of 8. Boys earlier than the age of nine.
-Treatment: monthly injection of luteinizing hormone-freeing hormone (Synthetic GnRH);
progestin, *Children characteristic at their chronological ages: age appropriate clothes*
-Risk: Brain injury, Brain contamination together with meningitis, Radiation or chemotherapy for
most cancers treatment
Cerebral palsy - ANS-permanent & non innovative neuro-muscular sickness
-Commonly now not intellectually impaired, however motor
-Cause unknown; in utero: Genetic elements.Maternal infections, labor and shipping - loss of
oxygen, Postnatal elements: Infections. Stroke. Trauma, low birth weight, shaken baby
-May be: Spastic. Hypotonic. Dystonic. Combination of all.
-S/S: *negative head control after 3 months*!!!, early hand dominance, stiff or rigid palms or
legs, pushing away or arching the again, limp frame posture, cannot sit up straight by means of
8 months, Muscle spasticity and/or tension, continual reflexes, hyperreflexia, ankle clonus,
swallowing and/or sucking troubles, Speech impairments, Urinary incontinence, Visual/hearing
impairments, Seizures.
-Important to maximize the kid's functioning (all of the treatment plans; sell independence);
normal bowel/bladder, no aspiration, good communique, domestic safety, pain meds & botulism
injections (botox; S/E = muscle weak spot--eye/resp/bladder), surgical procedure for spasticity
or contractures if not reply to different remedy
-Complications: Muscle contractures, Breathing headaches, Nutritional deficits because of
troubles swallowing, Impaired eye muscle mass, Osteoarthritis, Depression associated with
social isolation
chemotherapy - ANS--Adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression. Nausea and vomiting.
Altered immunologic response. Impaired oral mucous membrane. Stomatitis (study mouth).
Fatigue. Sterility in boys
-Nursing considerations: Monitor: Bleeding, Appetite, Nutrition, Intake and output, Avoid
injections and rectal temperatures & Put pressure on venipuncture websites, Prophylactic
antiemetics; Provide small, frequent meals; Prevent infection, Monitor and provide oral hygiene,
Administer antifungals and anesthetics as ordered.
-Client education: S/S infection & prevent contamination, Avoid warm and highly spiced meals,
preserve rest and preserve strength
