MN551 QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Control center of the cell - Answers - Nucleus
What part of the cell contains DNA - Answers - Nucleus
Where does work occur in the cell - Answers - Cytoplasm
Colloidal solution that contains water, electrolytes, proteins, fats, and glycogen
molecules - Answers - Cytoplasm
What part of the cell consists of lipids, carbs, and proteins - Answers - Cell membrane
What is the cell membrane made up of - Answers - Lipid bilayer
True or False:
The cell membrane is made up only of lipids and cholesterol molecules - Answers -
False
It is made of lipids, proteins, and carbs
What is food gives us cellular energy - Answers - CHO, proteins, fats, vitamins, and
minerals
What is the purpose of food - Answers - Nourishment of bodies-organs-tissues- cells-
molecules
Where do we get vitamins and minerals from - Answers - Food sources
What are the water soluble vitamins - Answers - Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyroxidine,
folic acid
Purpose of thiamine - Answers - Converts pyruvic acid to acetyl-coA
Purpose of riboflavin - Answers - Needed for the production of coenzymes NAD and
FAD
Purpose of niacin - Answers - Needed for the production of coenzymes NAD and FAD
Purpose of pyroxidine - Answers - Cofactor for the enzymes involved in amino acid
metabolism
,Purpose of folic acid - Answers - Essential for DNA synthesis
Fat soluble vitamins - Answers - A, D, E, K
What can vitamin E do to free radicals - Answers - Inactivate them
Purpose of vitamin A - Answers - Used in the photo pigment of the retina
Effects of vitamin A deficiency on embryonic development - Answers - Interferes with
embryonic development
What organ produces vitamin D - Answers - Skin
What has to occur for the skin to produce vitamin D - Answers - UV light
Which vitamin is required for the production of prothrombin and for clotting factors 9 and
10 - Answers - Vitamin K
What is the first pathway of cellular respiration - Answers - Glycolysis
Is glycolysis aerobic or anerobic - Answers - Anerobic
Where does glycolysis occur - Answers - Cytosol
What is the purpose of glycolysis - Answers - Converts one molecule of glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate
What does it mean to be anaerobic - Answers - Can occur with or without oxygen
Net yield of glycolysis - Answers - 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
Purpose of the Krebs cycle - Answers - Converts pyruvate into metabolites and
generates ATP by pyruvate oxidation and electrons are produced
As electrons flow down the electron transport chain what is produced - Answers - Water
and energy
What is the outer membrane of the mitochondria composed of - Answers - Lipid layer
that is permeable to small molecules because of proteins
Why is the outer membrane of the mitochondria permeable - Answers - Proteins
True or false
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is permeable - Answers - False
,The inner membrane is not permeable to small molecules (H+ ions)
Apoptosis - Answers - Controlled cell death
Signals of disruption in homeostasis - Answers - DNA damage
Viruses
Environmental stress (oxygen and other nutrient deprivation)
Reactive oxygen species (oxygen with an unstable electron)
True or false
Cells adapt to changes in the internal environment - Answers - True
How do cells adapt to increased work demands - Answers - Change in size, number,
and form
How do cells change in size - Answers - Atrophy or hypertrophy
How to cells change in number - Answers - Hyperplasia
How do cells change in form - Answers - Metaplasia
Atrophy - Answers - Decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - Answers - Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - Answers - Increase in the number of cells
Metaplasia - Answers - Replacement of adult cells
Dysplasia - Answers - Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue
Which of the follow best describes the cellular adaptation seen in chronic cigarette
smokes - Answers - Metaplasia
As cells are damaged, a hardier version replaces the normal strata of cells
What are normal body substances - Answers - Lipids
Proteins
Carbs
Melanin
Abnormal endogenous products - Answers - Those resulting from inborn errors of
metabolism
, Exogenous products - Answers - Environmental agents and pigments not broken down
by the cell
What are pathologic calcifications - Answers - Abnormal tissue deposition of calcium
salts, together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other minerals
Where do dystrophic calcifications occur - Answers - In dead or dying tissue
Where do metastatic calcifications occur - Answers - In normal tissue
True or false
Dystrophic calcification can result from prolonged ischemia - Answers - True
Ischemia stresses the tissue, it dies, and calcium precipitates out of the solution
Causes of cell injury - Answers - Injury from physical agents
Radiation injury
Chemical injury
Injury from biologic agents
Injury from nutritional imbalances
Cell injury from physical agents - Answers - Mechanical forces
Temperature extremes
Electrical forces
Cell injury from radiation injury - Answers - Ionizing radiation
UV radiation
Non-ionizing radiation
Chemical cell injury - Answers - Drugs
Carbon tetrachloride
Lead toxicity
Mercury
Cell injury from biologic agents - Answers - Viruses
Parasites
Bacteria
Cell injury from nutritional imbalances - Answers - Excesses and deficiencies
Reversible cell injury - Answers - Impairs cell function but does not result in cell death
Two patterns of reversible cell injury - Answers - Cellular swelling
Fatty change
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Control center of the cell - Answers - Nucleus
What part of the cell contains DNA - Answers - Nucleus
Where does work occur in the cell - Answers - Cytoplasm
Colloidal solution that contains water, electrolytes, proteins, fats, and glycogen
molecules - Answers - Cytoplasm
What part of the cell consists of lipids, carbs, and proteins - Answers - Cell membrane
What is the cell membrane made up of - Answers - Lipid bilayer
True or False:
The cell membrane is made up only of lipids and cholesterol molecules - Answers -
False
It is made of lipids, proteins, and carbs
What is food gives us cellular energy - Answers - CHO, proteins, fats, vitamins, and
minerals
What is the purpose of food - Answers - Nourishment of bodies-organs-tissues- cells-
molecules
Where do we get vitamins and minerals from - Answers - Food sources
What are the water soluble vitamins - Answers - Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyroxidine,
folic acid
Purpose of thiamine - Answers - Converts pyruvic acid to acetyl-coA
Purpose of riboflavin - Answers - Needed for the production of coenzymes NAD and
FAD
Purpose of niacin - Answers - Needed for the production of coenzymes NAD and FAD
Purpose of pyroxidine - Answers - Cofactor for the enzymes involved in amino acid
metabolism
,Purpose of folic acid - Answers - Essential for DNA synthesis
Fat soluble vitamins - Answers - A, D, E, K
What can vitamin E do to free radicals - Answers - Inactivate them
Purpose of vitamin A - Answers - Used in the photo pigment of the retina
Effects of vitamin A deficiency on embryonic development - Answers - Interferes with
embryonic development
What organ produces vitamin D - Answers - Skin
What has to occur for the skin to produce vitamin D - Answers - UV light
Which vitamin is required for the production of prothrombin and for clotting factors 9 and
10 - Answers - Vitamin K
What is the first pathway of cellular respiration - Answers - Glycolysis
Is glycolysis aerobic or anerobic - Answers - Anerobic
Where does glycolysis occur - Answers - Cytosol
What is the purpose of glycolysis - Answers - Converts one molecule of glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate
What does it mean to be anaerobic - Answers - Can occur with or without oxygen
Net yield of glycolysis - Answers - 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
Purpose of the Krebs cycle - Answers - Converts pyruvate into metabolites and
generates ATP by pyruvate oxidation and electrons are produced
As electrons flow down the electron transport chain what is produced - Answers - Water
and energy
What is the outer membrane of the mitochondria composed of - Answers - Lipid layer
that is permeable to small molecules because of proteins
Why is the outer membrane of the mitochondria permeable - Answers - Proteins
True or false
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is permeable - Answers - False
,The inner membrane is not permeable to small molecules (H+ ions)
Apoptosis - Answers - Controlled cell death
Signals of disruption in homeostasis - Answers - DNA damage
Viruses
Environmental stress (oxygen and other nutrient deprivation)
Reactive oxygen species (oxygen with an unstable electron)
True or false
Cells adapt to changes in the internal environment - Answers - True
How do cells adapt to increased work demands - Answers - Change in size, number,
and form
How do cells change in size - Answers - Atrophy or hypertrophy
How to cells change in number - Answers - Hyperplasia
How do cells change in form - Answers - Metaplasia
Atrophy - Answers - Decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - Answers - Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - Answers - Increase in the number of cells
Metaplasia - Answers - Replacement of adult cells
Dysplasia - Answers - Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue
Which of the follow best describes the cellular adaptation seen in chronic cigarette
smokes - Answers - Metaplasia
As cells are damaged, a hardier version replaces the normal strata of cells
What are normal body substances - Answers - Lipids
Proteins
Carbs
Melanin
Abnormal endogenous products - Answers - Those resulting from inborn errors of
metabolism
, Exogenous products - Answers - Environmental agents and pigments not broken down
by the cell
What are pathologic calcifications - Answers - Abnormal tissue deposition of calcium
salts, together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other minerals
Where do dystrophic calcifications occur - Answers - In dead or dying tissue
Where do metastatic calcifications occur - Answers - In normal tissue
True or false
Dystrophic calcification can result from prolonged ischemia - Answers - True
Ischemia stresses the tissue, it dies, and calcium precipitates out of the solution
Causes of cell injury - Answers - Injury from physical agents
Radiation injury
Chemical injury
Injury from biologic agents
Injury from nutritional imbalances
Cell injury from physical agents - Answers - Mechanical forces
Temperature extremes
Electrical forces
Cell injury from radiation injury - Answers - Ionizing radiation
UV radiation
Non-ionizing radiation
Chemical cell injury - Answers - Drugs
Carbon tetrachloride
Lead toxicity
Mercury
Cell injury from biologic agents - Answers - Viruses
Parasites
Bacteria
Cell injury from nutritional imbalances - Answers - Excesses and deficiencies
Reversible cell injury - Answers - Impairs cell function but does not result in cell death
Two patterns of reversible cell injury - Answers - Cellular swelling
Fatty change
