NU185 EXAM 4 GALEN | 193 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COPLETE
SOLUTION.
Three P's in type 1 diabetic - (ANSWER)Polyuria, polydispia, polyphagia
S/S of type 1 diabetes - (ANSWER)Weight loss, irritability, weakness, nausea/vomiting
S/S of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - (ANSWER)Weight gain, poor wound healing, blurred vision,
numbness/tingling in hands and feet
A1C levels - (ANSWER)4.9%-6.7% is excellent
A1C level for diabetes - (ANSWER)
Long term effects of poor glucose control - (ANSWER)Neuropathy
Unhealed wounds
Cardiovascular disease
Metabolic syndrome
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Long acting insulin - (ANSWER)Provides basal amount of insulin throughout the day. Monitor for hypo
and hyperglycemia. No peak
What are names of long acting insulin - (ANSWER)Lantus, Levemir
Intermediate insulin - (ANSWER)Duration 18-26hrs, peak 4-12 hrs, onset is 2hrs.
Name the intermediate acting insulin - (ANSWER)NPH
Short acting insulin - (ANSWER)regular insulin. Onset 30 minutes, duration 6-8hrs, peak 1-3 hours
,NU185 EXAM 4 GALEN | 193 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COPLETE
SOLUTION.
A patient with suspected Addison's disease is admitted. Which lab finding would you expect? -
(ANSWER)Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
A patient with Cushing syndrome is most likely to present with: - (ANSWER)Moon face, central obesity,
purple striae
Which medication is the nurse most likely to hold before a patient's hemodialysis session? -
(ANSWER)Lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor) for blood pressure
A patient receiving DDAVP (desmopressin) for central diabetes insipidus should show which expected
response? - (ANSWER)Decreased urine output and increased urine specific gravity
A patient on 70/30 premixed insulin (70% NPH/30% regular) takes it at 0700. Around what time is the
nurse most vigilant for hypoglycemia due to the NPH peak? - (ANSWER)Mid-afternoon to evening
(approx 1400-1700)
A patient with SIADH shows which lab pattern? - (ANSWER)Low serum sodium, high urine osmolality
Which sign best indicates hypopituitarism (loss of growth hormone/reduced anterior pituitary function)
in adults? - (ANSWER)Fatigue, decreased libido, cold intolerance
A nurse evaluates a patient with pheochromocytoma. Which manifestation is most consistent? -
(ANSWER)Recurrent episodes of severe hypertension, headache, diaphoresis, palpitations
Which of the following is the best immediate action for a nurse who finds a patient with an opioid
overdose and slow shallow respirations? - (ANSWER)Administer naloxone per protocol and support
airway/ventilation
For a patient needing renal biopsy, which preprocedure instruction is correct? - (ANSWER)Hold
anticoagulants per protocol and monitor coagulation studies before biopsy
, NU185 EXAM 4 GALEN | 193 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COPLETE
SOLUTION.
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is told to follow a renal diet. Which suggestion is correct? -
(ANSWER)Low protein (or protein limited depending on stage), potassium restriction as indicated
Which is the most important nursing action when assessing a newly created AV fistula for hemodialysis?
- (ANSWER)Auscultate for bruit and palpate for thrill; avoid blood pressures/venipuncture in that arm
A patient with peritoneal dialysis develops cloudy outflow and abdominal pain and fever. The nurse
suspects: - (ANSWER)Peritonitis — notify provider and start per protocol (culture and antibiotics)
A patient with diabetes mellitus and a blood glucose of 48 mg/dL is lethargic. Which is best immediate
action? - (ANSWER)Give 4 oz orange juice if able to swallow safely (conscious & able) or IV dextrose if
not safe
A patient has SIADH secondary to small-cell lung cancer. The nurse expects: - (ANSWER)Oliguria,
hyponatremia, and weight gain without edema (dilutional)
Which finding best suggests diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?
- (ANSWER)Presence of ketones, metabolic acidosis, and fruity breath
A nurse teaching a patient about radiation therapy for head/neck cancer should include which side
effect? - (ANSWER)Nausea/Vomiting, fatigue, and localized hair loss in the treatment field
A patient exposed to chemical contamination arrives. The nurse's initial action should be: -
(ANSWER)Remove contaminated clothing and decontaminate (e.g., with tongs/tools and water) before
entering ED area
During a dexamethasone suppression test, what is the usual nursing instruction? - (ANSWER)Draw blood
sample in the morning after overnight dexamethasone
A patient with a snakebite to the leg arrives. The correct positioning is: - (ANSWER)Keep limb dependent
(below heart) and immobilize — rapid transport for antivenom as indicated
SOLUTION.
Three P's in type 1 diabetic - (ANSWER)Polyuria, polydispia, polyphagia
S/S of type 1 diabetes - (ANSWER)Weight loss, irritability, weakness, nausea/vomiting
S/S of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - (ANSWER)Weight gain, poor wound healing, blurred vision,
numbness/tingling in hands and feet
A1C levels - (ANSWER)4.9%-6.7% is excellent
A1C level for diabetes - (ANSWER)
Long term effects of poor glucose control - (ANSWER)Neuropathy
Unhealed wounds
Cardiovascular disease
Metabolic syndrome
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Long acting insulin - (ANSWER)Provides basal amount of insulin throughout the day. Monitor for hypo
and hyperglycemia. No peak
What are names of long acting insulin - (ANSWER)Lantus, Levemir
Intermediate insulin - (ANSWER)Duration 18-26hrs, peak 4-12 hrs, onset is 2hrs.
Name the intermediate acting insulin - (ANSWER)NPH
Short acting insulin - (ANSWER)regular insulin. Onset 30 minutes, duration 6-8hrs, peak 1-3 hours
,NU185 EXAM 4 GALEN | 193 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COPLETE
SOLUTION.
A patient with suspected Addison's disease is admitted. Which lab finding would you expect? -
(ANSWER)Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
A patient with Cushing syndrome is most likely to present with: - (ANSWER)Moon face, central obesity,
purple striae
Which medication is the nurse most likely to hold before a patient's hemodialysis session? -
(ANSWER)Lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor) for blood pressure
A patient receiving DDAVP (desmopressin) for central diabetes insipidus should show which expected
response? - (ANSWER)Decreased urine output and increased urine specific gravity
A patient on 70/30 premixed insulin (70% NPH/30% regular) takes it at 0700. Around what time is the
nurse most vigilant for hypoglycemia due to the NPH peak? - (ANSWER)Mid-afternoon to evening
(approx 1400-1700)
A patient with SIADH shows which lab pattern? - (ANSWER)Low serum sodium, high urine osmolality
Which sign best indicates hypopituitarism (loss of growth hormone/reduced anterior pituitary function)
in adults? - (ANSWER)Fatigue, decreased libido, cold intolerance
A nurse evaluates a patient with pheochromocytoma. Which manifestation is most consistent? -
(ANSWER)Recurrent episodes of severe hypertension, headache, diaphoresis, palpitations
Which of the following is the best immediate action for a nurse who finds a patient with an opioid
overdose and slow shallow respirations? - (ANSWER)Administer naloxone per protocol and support
airway/ventilation
For a patient needing renal biopsy, which preprocedure instruction is correct? - (ANSWER)Hold
anticoagulants per protocol and monitor coagulation studies before biopsy
, NU185 EXAM 4 GALEN | 193 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COPLETE
SOLUTION.
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is told to follow a renal diet. Which suggestion is correct? -
(ANSWER)Low protein (or protein limited depending on stage), potassium restriction as indicated
Which is the most important nursing action when assessing a newly created AV fistula for hemodialysis?
- (ANSWER)Auscultate for bruit and palpate for thrill; avoid blood pressures/venipuncture in that arm
A patient with peritoneal dialysis develops cloudy outflow and abdominal pain and fever. The nurse
suspects: - (ANSWER)Peritonitis — notify provider and start per protocol (culture and antibiotics)
A patient with diabetes mellitus and a blood glucose of 48 mg/dL is lethargic. Which is best immediate
action? - (ANSWER)Give 4 oz orange juice if able to swallow safely (conscious & able) or IV dextrose if
not safe
A patient has SIADH secondary to small-cell lung cancer. The nurse expects: - (ANSWER)Oliguria,
hyponatremia, and weight gain without edema (dilutional)
Which finding best suggests diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?
- (ANSWER)Presence of ketones, metabolic acidosis, and fruity breath
A nurse teaching a patient about radiation therapy for head/neck cancer should include which side
effect? - (ANSWER)Nausea/Vomiting, fatigue, and localized hair loss in the treatment field
A patient exposed to chemical contamination arrives. The nurse's initial action should be: -
(ANSWER)Remove contaminated clothing and decontaminate (e.g., with tongs/tools and water) before
entering ED area
During a dexamethasone suppression test, what is the usual nursing instruction? - (ANSWER)Draw blood
sample in the morning after overnight dexamethasone
A patient with a snakebite to the leg arrives. The correct positioning is: - (ANSWER)Keep limb dependent
(below heart) and immobilize — rapid transport for antivenom as indicated
