BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
VERIFIED A+ LATEST VERSION
WITH ALL SOLUTION
a. Name the three parts of a nucleicBacid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the corres
ponding types that are found in RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -
a. sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNABand RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -
1. DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA nucleotid
e form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The uprights are the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - CORRECT ANSWER -
During dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block
monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water molecule i
s added and energy is released.
,Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
GLUCOSE - CORRECT ANSWER -
Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Starch - CORRECT ANSWER -Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER -Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Triglyceride - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces twice as much energy pe
r gram than carbohydrates
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Phopholipid - CORRECT ANSWER -Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
,Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER -Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can form plaque on artery wal
ls
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-
energy phosphate bond
, Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER -
Carbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Insulin - CORRECT ANSWER -Protein; a hormone
Why are proteins so often used to build structures? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Because they are "structurally sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse
.
Explain the following terms in regard to proteins:
a. Primary structure:
b. Secondary structure:
c. Tertiary structure:
d. Quaternary structure: - CORRECT ANSWER -a. Amino acid monomers in a linear chain
b. 2 repeating patterns are possible; a spring like coil of fibrous proteins within the linear chain f
orms (alpha-
helix) and/or in the linear chain the pattern snakes back and forth; strong and flexible but not el
astic. Both conformations held together with hydrogen bonds. It's possible that one chain can h
ave both patterns
c. Folding of the secondary structure; 3D shape determined by R-
group interactions and hydrogen bonds
d. Interactions between two or more polypeptide chains. Each chain has its own primary, secon
dary, and tertiary structure. **need 2 or more polypeptide chains for this structure**
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
VERIFIED A+ LATEST VERSION
WITH ALL SOLUTION
a. Name the three parts of a nucleicBacid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the corres
ponding types that are found in RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -
a. sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNABand RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER -
1. DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA nucleotid
e form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The uprights are the sugar phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - CORRECT ANSWER -
During dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block
monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water molecule i
s added and energy is released.
,Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
GLUCOSE - CORRECT ANSWER -
Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Starch - CORRECT ANSWER -Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER -Carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Triglyceride - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces twice as much energy pe
r gram than carbohydrates
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Phopholipid - CORRECT ANSWER -Lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
,Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER -Protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Cholesterol - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can form plaque on artery wal
ls
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER -Nucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-
energy phosphate bond
, Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER -
Carbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain th
e use of each.
Insulin - CORRECT ANSWER -Protein; a hormone
Why are proteins so often used to build structures? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Because they are "structurally sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse
.
Explain the following terms in regard to proteins:
a. Primary structure:
b. Secondary structure:
c. Tertiary structure:
d. Quaternary structure: - CORRECT ANSWER -a. Amino acid monomers in a linear chain
b. 2 repeating patterns are possible; a spring like coil of fibrous proteins within the linear chain f
orms (alpha-
helix) and/or in the linear chain the pattern snakes back and forth; strong and flexible but not el
astic. Both conformations held together with hydrogen bonds. It's possible that one chain can h
ave both patterns
c. Folding of the secondary structure; 3D shape determined by R-
group interactions and hydrogen bonds
d. Interactions between two or more polypeptide chains. Each chain has its own primary, secon
dary, and tertiary structure. **need 2 or more polypeptide chains for this structure**
