NSG 5003 Advanced
Pathophysiology (South
University) EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2026-2027
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - CORRECT ANSWER-compound used by cells to store and release
energy
oxidative phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER-Part of the electron transport chain. A process
occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons
across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.
Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) - CORRECT ANSWER-charge difference across the plasma
membrane
action potential - CORRECT ANSWER-the change in electrical potential associated with the
passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-to waste away
hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-increase in the number of the cells in a tissue or organ
, Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-(aka atypical hyperplasia) abnormal development or growth of
cells, tissues, or organs
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Cell injury mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER--free radical formation
-hypoxia & ATP depletion
-intra-cellular calcium accumulation
hypoxia/anoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased oxygen/lack of oxygen
free radicals can cause - CORRECT ANSWER-1) lipid peroxidation or the destruction of
unsaturated fatty acids
2) alterations of proteins
3) alterations in DNA
Activation of inflammation and immunity - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs after cellular injury or
infection involving powerful biochemicals & proteins capable of damaging normal (uninjured &
uninfected) cells
Genetic disorders injure cells by - CORRECT ANSWER-altering the nucleus and the plasma
membrane's structure, shape, receptors, or transport mechanisms.
Deprivation of essential nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins) can cause -
CORRECT ANSWER-cellular injury by altering cellular structure and function, particularly of the
transport mechanisms, chromosomes, nucleus, and DNA.
Pathophysiology (South
University) EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2026-2027
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - CORRECT ANSWER-compound used by cells to store and release
energy
oxidative phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER-Part of the electron transport chain. A process
occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons
across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.
Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) - CORRECT ANSWER-charge difference across the plasma
membrane
action potential - CORRECT ANSWER-the change in electrical potential associated with the
passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-to waste away
hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-increase in the number of the cells in a tissue or organ
, Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-(aka atypical hyperplasia) abnormal development or growth of
cells, tissues, or organs
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Cell injury mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER--free radical formation
-hypoxia & ATP depletion
-intra-cellular calcium accumulation
hypoxia/anoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased oxygen/lack of oxygen
free radicals can cause - CORRECT ANSWER-1) lipid peroxidation or the destruction of
unsaturated fatty acids
2) alterations of proteins
3) alterations in DNA
Activation of inflammation and immunity - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs after cellular injury or
infection involving powerful biochemicals & proteins capable of damaging normal (uninjured &
uninfected) cells
Genetic disorders injure cells by - CORRECT ANSWER-altering the nucleus and the plasma
membrane's structure, shape, receptors, or transport mechanisms.
Deprivation of essential nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins) can cause -
CORRECT ANSWER-cellular injury by altering cellular structure and function, particularly of the
transport mechanisms, chromosomes, nucleus, and DNA.
