CTVA 480 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
management and how does it differ from leadership?* - Answers A process by which individuals work
with and through other people to achieve organizational objectives. *Leadership* is the act of leading
a group or people in an organization
entrepreneurship*? Provide an example of a prominent entrepreneur.* - Answers a person who
organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and
risk; *Steve Jobs*
electronic and digital media. - Answers refers to traditional radio, television, cable/satellite, and
telecommunications (telephone) industries - and "new media" like Internet sites and other digital
platforms, including social media
digital media convergence? - Answers The power of digital media to combine voice, video, data, text,
and money in new applications, devices, and networks
4 separate, but interrelated activities of electronic media companies (as outlined by Sherman).* -
Answers *Development*: new technological innovations, *production*: manufacture of both hard
and software, *distribution*:getting content to customers, *exhibition*: where the customer uses
and engages the product
FM stand for? With which type of radio service is the term clear channel associated? - Answers
Frequency modulation; Class A stations are the most powerful, operating as clear channels during
evening hours, which means they have exclusive rights to their assigned frequency beginning at
sunset.
Which two firms merged to become the one and only satellite radio company operating in the U.S.? -
Answers Sirius xm radio
O&O TV station? How does it differ from an affiliate TV station?* - Answers o&o is owned and
operation; not only affiliated by network but owned by it KNBC owned by Comcast & Universal.
Over what percentage of all TV households in the U.S. subscribe to a multichannel video service? -
Answers over 90%
How does the telecommunications industry differ from the media industry? - Answers
*What are the three levels of management within organizations? What is an example of a position
within a local TV station that matches each of these levels?* - Answers Lower level:local sales
manager Middle manager: general sales, Executive: Vice President
management skills, functions, and roles. - Answers skills: basic competencies needed by managers;
Functions: tasks that managers perform; Roles: Different roles than managers adopt as they interact
with different constituencies
P-O-M-C model. - Answers Planning, Organizing, Motivating, & Controlling
MBTI test? Why is it potentially useful to a media manager? - Answers The purpose of the Myers-
Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®) personality inventory is to make the theory of psychological types
described by C. G. Jung understandable and useful in people's lives. You can find out and determine
and pair people up to where they are stronger vs. weaker
What are the three management roles that best exemplify electronic media managers? - Answers
market - Answers a place where consumers and sellers interact with one another to determine the
price and quantity of the good produced
Be able to fully explain the dual product market concept. - Answers Product 1 -> Buyer 1
Product 2 -> buyer 2 (Advertiser)
The media industry serves a dual purpose. What does this mean? - Answers Media products serve as
information/entertainment for audiences and They also serve as a tool for aggregating consumers for
efficient advertiser access
Market and Public Sphere models.* - Answers *Market*: audience viewed as "CITIZEN", media should
give public what it needs, should inform and educate, promotes diversity, sometimes regulation is
needed. *Public Sphere*: Traditional electronic media companies operate in specific geographic
markets (Radio networks, TV networks, and satellite companies national market
Which type of media operations serve a regional market? What about a global market? - Answers
Regional: local radio & tv stations & cable and satellite Global: internet & digital
A traditional media market involves combining which two markets? - Answers Product & geographic
5 criteria that determine market structure. - Answers 1. Concentration of buyer/seller 2. product
differentiation 3. vertical/horizontal integration 4. barriers to entry 5. cost structures
, market concentration? What is one method for determining the level of concentration in a market?* -
Answers A market is considered concentrated if revenues are controlled by a limited number of
companies; ratings data: share of market reached by each competitor & concentration ratio:
Percentage of revenues controlled by top four (or eight) firms
*Describe one way that a media company can differentiate their content.* - Answers Broadcast and
cable networks differentiating themselves through their individual program schedules (Disney has
Disney XD, Disney Junior, Disney Channel, & Freeform
Provide an example of a type of media company that tends to have high barriers to entry - Answers
*What is an advantage of using vertical integration? Can you draw a diagram of a media
conglomerate vertical integration?* - Answers the company maximizes revenues through several
stages of distribution and exhibition.
(going down) CBS Corp - CBS TV Studios - CBS - KCAL 9
horizontal integration? Be prepared to draw a diagram in explaining the concept.* - Answers Owning
multiple entities within different product or service types
cost structure? How are fixed costs different from variable costs?* - Answers Expenses needed to
create products in a market. fixed costs (expenses to produce one unit of product) + variable
(Expenses depend on the quantity produced (i.e., labor and raw materials) = total costs.
How can economies of scale be achieved by radio and television stations? - Answers
4 major types of market structure. Provide an example of a type of media company that represents
each type.* - Answers *Monopoly*: A single seller of a product exists and dominates the market.
Barriers to entry are high; CABLE TELEVISION
*Oligopoly*:Three or more sellers of a product, which may be either homogeneous or differentiated.
Barriers to entry are significant. TV NETWORK & BROADCAST STATION
*Monopolistic Competition:* Exists when many sellers offer similar products that are not perfect
substitutes for one another. Price varies with both the market and the individual firms impacting
decisions. Barriers to entry are fewer. SYNDICATED TV PROGRAMS (FRIENDS) & MAGAZINES
*Perfect Competition:* No single firm dominates. Barriers to entry do not exist. WEBSITES + OTHER
DIGITAL PLATFORMS
3 purposes for which a business organization might use a strategic alliance.* - Answers Providing
access to new markets, increasing shareholder value, reducing risk
Why are Time Warner and AT&T looking to merge? - Answers at&t wanted to get into contecration
business & time warner wanted to access people on mobile devices
synergy? - Answers Two different entities will operate more efficiently as one business than
separately
3 reasons why a strategic alliance might fail.* - Answers Lack of shared vision, lack of trust, lack of
adaptability
SWOT analysis? Which are internal factors? What is an example of an Opportunity? How about a
Threat?* - Answers *SWOT:* is a useful technique for understanding your Strengths and Weaknesses,
and for identifying both the Opportunities open to you and the Threats you face.
*Internal*: Strengths & Weaknesses
*External*: Opportunities & Threats.
*Example of opportunity*: new technology beneficial to company;
*example of threat*: weak market position
Select and discuss one of the specific purposes within media for which an alliance may be effective. -
Answers Alliances for newsgathering: In markets where a company owns different media properties,
integration of both local and national operations is common. Efforts to lower costs have also
facilitated these types of alliances.
broadband? - Answers a high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies,
which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.
media conglomerate?* - Answers describes companies that own large numbers of companies in
various mass media such as television, radio, publishing, movies, and the Internet. Seemingly
unrelated, but all fit together
6 media conglomerates we discussed in class. Which is the largest in the U.S.? - Answers comcast,
walt disney, at&t, 21st , cbs, viacom. AT&T is the largest in US
management and how does it differ from leadership?* - Answers A process by which individuals work
with and through other people to achieve organizational objectives. *Leadership* is the act of leading
a group or people in an organization
entrepreneurship*? Provide an example of a prominent entrepreneur.* - Answers a person who
organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and
risk; *Steve Jobs*
electronic and digital media. - Answers refers to traditional radio, television, cable/satellite, and
telecommunications (telephone) industries - and "new media" like Internet sites and other digital
platforms, including social media
digital media convergence? - Answers The power of digital media to combine voice, video, data, text,
and money in new applications, devices, and networks
4 separate, but interrelated activities of electronic media companies (as outlined by Sherman).* -
Answers *Development*: new technological innovations, *production*: manufacture of both hard
and software, *distribution*:getting content to customers, *exhibition*: where the customer uses
and engages the product
FM stand for? With which type of radio service is the term clear channel associated? - Answers
Frequency modulation; Class A stations are the most powerful, operating as clear channels during
evening hours, which means they have exclusive rights to their assigned frequency beginning at
sunset.
Which two firms merged to become the one and only satellite radio company operating in the U.S.? -
Answers Sirius xm radio
O&O TV station? How does it differ from an affiliate TV station?* - Answers o&o is owned and
operation; not only affiliated by network but owned by it KNBC owned by Comcast & Universal.
Over what percentage of all TV households in the U.S. subscribe to a multichannel video service? -
Answers over 90%
How does the telecommunications industry differ from the media industry? - Answers
*What are the three levels of management within organizations? What is an example of a position
within a local TV station that matches each of these levels?* - Answers Lower level:local sales
manager Middle manager: general sales, Executive: Vice President
management skills, functions, and roles. - Answers skills: basic competencies needed by managers;
Functions: tasks that managers perform; Roles: Different roles than managers adopt as they interact
with different constituencies
P-O-M-C model. - Answers Planning, Organizing, Motivating, & Controlling
MBTI test? Why is it potentially useful to a media manager? - Answers The purpose of the Myers-
Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®) personality inventory is to make the theory of psychological types
described by C. G. Jung understandable and useful in people's lives. You can find out and determine
and pair people up to where they are stronger vs. weaker
What are the three management roles that best exemplify electronic media managers? - Answers
market - Answers a place where consumers and sellers interact with one another to determine the
price and quantity of the good produced
Be able to fully explain the dual product market concept. - Answers Product 1 -> Buyer 1
Product 2 -> buyer 2 (Advertiser)
The media industry serves a dual purpose. What does this mean? - Answers Media products serve as
information/entertainment for audiences and They also serve as a tool for aggregating consumers for
efficient advertiser access
Market and Public Sphere models.* - Answers *Market*: audience viewed as "CITIZEN", media should
give public what it needs, should inform and educate, promotes diversity, sometimes regulation is
needed. *Public Sphere*: Traditional electronic media companies operate in specific geographic
markets (Radio networks, TV networks, and satellite companies national market
Which type of media operations serve a regional market? What about a global market? - Answers
Regional: local radio & tv stations & cable and satellite Global: internet & digital
A traditional media market involves combining which two markets? - Answers Product & geographic
5 criteria that determine market structure. - Answers 1. Concentration of buyer/seller 2. product
differentiation 3. vertical/horizontal integration 4. barriers to entry 5. cost structures
, market concentration? What is one method for determining the level of concentration in a market?* -
Answers A market is considered concentrated if revenues are controlled by a limited number of
companies; ratings data: share of market reached by each competitor & concentration ratio:
Percentage of revenues controlled by top four (or eight) firms
*Describe one way that a media company can differentiate their content.* - Answers Broadcast and
cable networks differentiating themselves through their individual program schedules (Disney has
Disney XD, Disney Junior, Disney Channel, & Freeform
Provide an example of a type of media company that tends to have high barriers to entry - Answers
*What is an advantage of using vertical integration? Can you draw a diagram of a media
conglomerate vertical integration?* - Answers the company maximizes revenues through several
stages of distribution and exhibition.
(going down) CBS Corp - CBS TV Studios - CBS - KCAL 9
horizontal integration? Be prepared to draw a diagram in explaining the concept.* - Answers Owning
multiple entities within different product or service types
cost structure? How are fixed costs different from variable costs?* - Answers Expenses needed to
create products in a market. fixed costs (expenses to produce one unit of product) + variable
(Expenses depend on the quantity produced (i.e., labor and raw materials) = total costs.
How can economies of scale be achieved by radio and television stations? - Answers
4 major types of market structure. Provide an example of a type of media company that represents
each type.* - Answers *Monopoly*: A single seller of a product exists and dominates the market.
Barriers to entry are high; CABLE TELEVISION
*Oligopoly*:Three or more sellers of a product, which may be either homogeneous or differentiated.
Barriers to entry are significant. TV NETWORK & BROADCAST STATION
*Monopolistic Competition:* Exists when many sellers offer similar products that are not perfect
substitutes for one another. Price varies with both the market and the individual firms impacting
decisions. Barriers to entry are fewer. SYNDICATED TV PROGRAMS (FRIENDS) & MAGAZINES
*Perfect Competition:* No single firm dominates. Barriers to entry do not exist. WEBSITES + OTHER
DIGITAL PLATFORMS
3 purposes for which a business organization might use a strategic alliance.* - Answers Providing
access to new markets, increasing shareholder value, reducing risk
Why are Time Warner and AT&T looking to merge? - Answers at&t wanted to get into contecration
business & time warner wanted to access people on mobile devices
synergy? - Answers Two different entities will operate more efficiently as one business than
separately
3 reasons why a strategic alliance might fail.* - Answers Lack of shared vision, lack of trust, lack of
adaptability
SWOT analysis? Which are internal factors? What is an example of an Opportunity? How about a
Threat?* - Answers *SWOT:* is a useful technique for understanding your Strengths and Weaknesses,
and for identifying both the Opportunities open to you and the Threats you face.
*Internal*: Strengths & Weaknesses
*External*: Opportunities & Threats.
*Example of opportunity*: new technology beneficial to company;
*example of threat*: weak market position
Select and discuss one of the specific purposes within media for which an alliance may be effective. -
Answers Alliances for newsgathering: In markets where a company owns different media properties,
integration of both local and national operations is common. Efforts to lower costs have also
facilitated these types of alliances.
broadband? - Answers a high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies,
which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.
media conglomerate?* - Answers describes companies that own large numbers of companies in
various mass media such as television, radio, publishing, movies, and the Internet. Seemingly
unrelated, but all fit together
6 media conglomerates we discussed in class. Which is the largest in the U.S.? - Answers comcast,
walt disney, at&t, 21st , cbs, viacom. AT&T is the largest in US
