Microbiology BIOS 242 Exam 2
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
2026-2027
Aerotolerant anaerobes - CORRECT ANSWER-Do not utilize oxygen
Can survive and grow to a limited extent in its presence
Not harmed by oxygen because they possess alternative mechanisms for breaking down
peroxides and superoxide
Aerotolerant anaerobes - CORRECT ANSWER-tolerate but cannot use oxygen
Obligate acidophiles: - CORRECT ANSWER-Require an acidic environment for growth
Molds and yeasts tolerate acid and are common spoilage agents of pickled foods
Alkalinophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-Live in hot pools and soils that contain high levels of basic
minerals
Bacteria that decompose urine create alkaline conditions
Alkalinophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-grow at extreme alkaline pH
,Osmophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-Live in habitats with high solute concentration
Obligate halophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-Require high concentrations of salt for growth (9 to
25% NaCl)
Have significant modifications to their cell walls and membranes and will lyse in hypotonic
habitats
Facultative halophiles: - CORRECT ANSWER-Facultative halophiles:
Resistant to salt, even though they do not normally reside in high-salt environments
Barophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-Deep sea microbes that exist in pressures up to 1000x
atmospheric pressure
So strictly adapted to high pressures that they rupture when exposed to normal atmospheric
pressure
Cardinal temperatures - CORRECT ANSWER-range of temperatures for the growth of a given
microbial species
Minimum temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-The lowest temperature that permits a microbe's
continued growth and metabolism
Maximum temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-Highest temperature at which growth and
metabolism can proceed
Optimum temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-Intermediate temperature range between
minimum and maximum
Promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism
, Saprobic Microorganisms(Saprobes) - CORRECT ANSWER-Decomposers of plant litter, animal
matter, and dead microbes.
Important in recycling of organic materials.
Most saprobes have a rigid cell wall and cannot engulf large particles of food.
Bacteria and fungi
Release enzymes into the environment to digest food into smaller particles that can be
transported into the cell.
parasitic microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER-- Live on or in the body and cause some degree
of harm to the host.
- Considered pathogens because they can damage tissues and cause death.
Ectoparasites: - CORRECT ANSWER-live on the body
Endoparasites - CORRECT ANSWER-live in organs and tissues
Intracellular parasites: - CORRECT ANSWER-live within cells
Obligate parasites - CORRECT ANSWER-unable to live outside of a living host
Types of parasitic microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER-Ectoparasites:
Endoparasites
Intracellular parasites:
Obligate parasites
Four Phases of Infection and Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-incubation period, prodromal period,
period of invasion, convalescent stage
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
2026-2027
Aerotolerant anaerobes - CORRECT ANSWER-Do not utilize oxygen
Can survive and grow to a limited extent in its presence
Not harmed by oxygen because they possess alternative mechanisms for breaking down
peroxides and superoxide
Aerotolerant anaerobes - CORRECT ANSWER-tolerate but cannot use oxygen
Obligate acidophiles: - CORRECT ANSWER-Require an acidic environment for growth
Molds and yeasts tolerate acid and are common spoilage agents of pickled foods
Alkalinophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-Live in hot pools and soils that contain high levels of basic
minerals
Bacteria that decompose urine create alkaline conditions
Alkalinophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-grow at extreme alkaline pH
,Osmophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-Live in habitats with high solute concentration
Obligate halophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-Require high concentrations of salt for growth (9 to
25% NaCl)
Have significant modifications to their cell walls and membranes and will lyse in hypotonic
habitats
Facultative halophiles: - CORRECT ANSWER-Facultative halophiles:
Resistant to salt, even though they do not normally reside in high-salt environments
Barophiles - CORRECT ANSWER-Deep sea microbes that exist in pressures up to 1000x
atmospheric pressure
So strictly adapted to high pressures that they rupture when exposed to normal atmospheric
pressure
Cardinal temperatures - CORRECT ANSWER-range of temperatures for the growth of a given
microbial species
Minimum temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-The lowest temperature that permits a microbe's
continued growth and metabolism
Maximum temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-Highest temperature at which growth and
metabolism can proceed
Optimum temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-Intermediate temperature range between
minimum and maximum
Promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism
, Saprobic Microorganisms(Saprobes) - CORRECT ANSWER-Decomposers of plant litter, animal
matter, and dead microbes.
Important in recycling of organic materials.
Most saprobes have a rigid cell wall and cannot engulf large particles of food.
Bacteria and fungi
Release enzymes into the environment to digest food into smaller particles that can be
transported into the cell.
parasitic microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER-- Live on or in the body and cause some degree
of harm to the host.
- Considered pathogens because they can damage tissues and cause death.
Ectoparasites: - CORRECT ANSWER-live on the body
Endoparasites - CORRECT ANSWER-live in organs and tissues
Intracellular parasites: - CORRECT ANSWER-live within cells
Obligate parasites - CORRECT ANSWER-unable to live outside of a living host
Types of parasitic microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER-Ectoparasites:
Endoparasites
Intracellular parasites:
Obligate parasites
Four Phases of Infection and Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-incubation period, prodromal period,
period of invasion, convalescent stage
