BIO 210 - FINAL 2026 latest update/latest version
Anatomy
the study of structure
Physiology
the study of func#on
Metabolism
all the chemical reac#ons that happen in our body cells
Catabolism
the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. Catabolic reac#on
Anabolism
The building up of complex molecules from simpler ones
Levels of Structural Organiza#on
Atom (chemical), Molecule (chemical), Cell #ssue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Homeostasis
The maintenance of the internal environment regardless of external condi#ons
Nega#ve feedback mechanism
Most feedback mechanisms are this type - regula#ng body temperature, blood pressure,
blood glucose
Cranial Cavity
Brain and spinal cord
vertebral cavity
spinal cord
thoracic cavity
heart and lungs
abdominopelvic cavity
stoach diges#ve organs
, parietal membrane
lines cavity wall
visceral membrane
lines the organs surface
ATP
a form of energy used by all reac#ons in cells. Made in the mitochondria
4 elements that make up 96% of the human body
Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen
atomic number
number of protons. Always the same as the number of electrons
Atomic mass
decimal number - number of protons and neutrons together - if you subtract the protons
you get the number of neutrons
ionic bonds
the transfer of one or more electrons
anion
nega#ve charge - gains one electron
ca#on
posi#ve charge - loses one electron
covalent bond
shared electrons
2 types of covalent bonds
Polar - unequal sharing of electrons
Nonpolar - equal sharing of electrons
PH
Acid base concentra#on - homeostasis of acid base balance is regulated by chemicals called
buffers
buffers
acccept hydrogen ions when PH is high and donates when the PH is low
Anatomy
the study of structure
Physiology
the study of func#on
Metabolism
all the chemical reac#ons that happen in our body cells
Catabolism
the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. Catabolic reac#on
Anabolism
The building up of complex molecules from simpler ones
Levels of Structural Organiza#on
Atom (chemical), Molecule (chemical), Cell #ssue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Homeostasis
The maintenance of the internal environment regardless of external condi#ons
Nega#ve feedback mechanism
Most feedback mechanisms are this type - regula#ng body temperature, blood pressure,
blood glucose
Cranial Cavity
Brain and spinal cord
vertebral cavity
spinal cord
thoracic cavity
heart and lungs
abdominopelvic cavity
stoach diges#ve organs
, parietal membrane
lines cavity wall
visceral membrane
lines the organs surface
ATP
a form of energy used by all reac#ons in cells. Made in the mitochondria
4 elements that make up 96% of the human body
Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen
atomic number
number of protons. Always the same as the number of electrons
Atomic mass
decimal number - number of protons and neutrons together - if you subtract the protons
you get the number of neutrons
ionic bonds
the transfer of one or more electrons
anion
nega#ve charge - gains one electron
ca#on
posi#ve charge - loses one electron
covalent bond
shared electrons
2 types of covalent bonds
Polar - unequal sharing of electrons
Nonpolar - equal sharing of electrons
PH
Acid base concentra#on - homeostasis of acid base balance is regulated by chemicals called
buffers
buffers
acccept hydrogen ions when PH is high and donates when the PH is low
