NR 406B Exam 2: Pharmacology II V3
Updated and Latest Questions and
Correct Answers - Regis University
1. A patient is prescribed digoxin for heart failure. Which of the following early
signs of digoxin toxicity should the nurse instruct the patient to report?
A. Sudden weight gain
B. Blurred vision with yellow halos
C. Increased urinary output
D. Anorexia and nausea
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Early signs of digoxin toxicity include gastrointestinal symptoms like
anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, while visual changes like yellow halos are later signs.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance significantly increases the risk of digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypomagnesemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypokalemia
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) increase the sensitivity of the cardiac
muscle to digoxin, increasing the risk of toxicity.
,3. A patient taking lisinopril develops a persistent, dry cough. What is the
physiological cause of this adverse effect?
A. Inhibition of aldosterone
B. Increased levels of bradykinin
C. Direct irritation of the bronchial mucosa
D. Fluid accumulation in the lungs
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, which can lead to its
accumulation in the lungs and trigger a dry cough.
4. Which of the following is a life-threatening adverse effect of ACE inhibitors
like captopril?
A. Tinnitus
B. Alopecia
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Angioedema
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Angioedema, characterized by swelling of the face, tongue, and larynx, is a
medical emergency associated with ACE inhibitors.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer furosemide. Which laboratory value should
be checked first?
A. Hemoglobin level
B. Serum calcium level
C. Serum potassium level
D. Serum glucose level
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes significant potassium loss; levels
must be monitored to prevent cardiac arrhythmias.
, 6. A patient is prescribed spironolactone. The nurse should advise the patient to
avoid which of the following?
A. Green leafy vegetables
B. Salt substitutes containing potassium
C. Dairy products
D. Alcoholic beverages
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. Using salt substitutes
containing potassium chloride can lead to hyperkalemia.
7. What is the primary mechanism of action for nitroglycerin in treating angina?
A. Vasodilation of veins and coronary arteries
B. Increasing blood pressure
C. Decreasing heart rate
D. Inhibition of platelet aggregation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Nitroglycerin causes systemic vasodilation, reducing preload and oxygen
demand while improving blood flow to the heart.
8. A nurse is teaching a patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin. What should
the patient do if chest pain is not relieved after the first dose?
A. Wait 10 minutes and take another dose
B. Drive to the nearest emergency room
C. Call 911 and take a second dose
D. Lie down and rest for 30 minutes
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: If pain persists after the first dose, the patient should call emergency services
immediately and take a second dose as directed.
Updated and Latest Questions and
Correct Answers - Regis University
1. A patient is prescribed digoxin for heart failure. Which of the following early
signs of digoxin toxicity should the nurse instruct the patient to report?
A. Sudden weight gain
B. Blurred vision with yellow halos
C. Increased urinary output
D. Anorexia and nausea
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Early signs of digoxin toxicity include gastrointestinal symptoms like
anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, while visual changes like yellow halos are later signs.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance significantly increases the risk of digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypomagnesemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypokalemia
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) increase the sensitivity of the cardiac
muscle to digoxin, increasing the risk of toxicity.
,3. A patient taking lisinopril develops a persistent, dry cough. What is the
physiological cause of this adverse effect?
A. Inhibition of aldosterone
B. Increased levels of bradykinin
C. Direct irritation of the bronchial mucosa
D. Fluid accumulation in the lungs
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, which can lead to its
accumulation in the lungs and trigger a dry cough.
4. Which of the following is a life-threatening adverse effect of ACE inhibitors
like captopril?
A. Tinnitus
B. Alopecia
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Angioedema
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Angioedema, characterized by swelling of the face, tongue, and larynx, is a
medical emergency associated with ACE inhibitors.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer furosemide. Which laboratory value should
be checked first?
A. Hemoglobin level
B. Serum calcium level
C. Serum potassium level
D. Serum glucose level
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes significant potassium loss; levels
must be monitored to prevent cardiac arrhythmias.
, 6. A patient is prescribed spironolactone. The nurse should advise the patient to
avoid which of the following?
A. Green leafy vegetables
B. Salt substitutes containing potassium
C. Dairy products
D. Alcoholic beverages
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. Using salt substitutes
containing potassium chloride can lead to hyperkalemia.
7. What is the primary mechanism of action for nitroglycerin in treating angina?
A. Vasodilation of veins and coronary arteries
B. Increasing blood pressure
C. Decreasing heart rate
D. Inhibition of platelet aggregation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Nitroglycerin causes systemic vasodilation, reducing preload and oxygen
demand while improving blood flow to the heart.
8. A nurse is teaching a patient how to use sublingual nitroglycerin. What should
the patient do if chest pain is not relieved after the first dose?
A. Wait 10 minutes and take another dose
B. Drive to the nearest emergency room
C. Call 911 and take a second dose
D. Lie down and rest for 30 minutes
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: If pain persists after the first dose, the patient should call emergency services
immediately and take a second dose as directed.
