UNL PHIL 106: final exam with complete
questions and answers. Grade A+
What are the varieties of ethical relativism - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-Cultural
relativism?
Ethical subjectivism
Cultural relativism - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-Ethical truth is determined by the
standards of a society
Questions:
-What is a society?
-What do I do if the moral codes of two of my society’s conflicts with one another
,Ethical Subjectivism - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-Ethical truth is determined by the
standards an individual accepts
Some have suggested that we be cultural relativists because we can't understand
other cultures and need to be tolerant of them. How could one reply to these
arguments? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔} --This is a reason to be well informed not a
reason to be a relativist
-Making a critical judgment need not involve tolerance or disrespect
-According to cultural relativism, if a society's code permits intolerance and
disrespect, then intolerance and disrespect become morally impermissible
Explain some objections to relativism - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔} --It holds that
moral codes are infallible (it is not possible to think that moral codes, individual or
societal, are never wrong)
-Relativism can't make sense of how we evaluate our own moral codes
-Relativism can't make sense of moral progress
-Relativism yields contraction
Relativism can't make sense of moral progress - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-1815-
slavery is okay
2015- slavery is not okay
Most people would consider that we have made progress from 1815 to 2015 but
a moral relativist can't take into account progress. This is because in 1815 society
said slavery was okay so a moral relativist wouldn't consider owning slaves to be
wrong
, Why would a dialogue between two people with different moral codes, one of
whom says "polygamy is right" and another of whom says, "Polygamy is wrong",
present a problem for ethical subjectivism? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-It would
present a problem for ethical subjectivism because ethical subjectivism is the idea
that ethical truths are determined by standards an individual accepts. So, if
person A believes that polygamy is right than it would be considered an ethical
truth just because he accepts it. On the other hand, the claim that polygamy is
wrong can also be an ethical truth as long as person B accepts it. This presents a
problem because these both can't be ethical truths since they contradict one
another.
A relativist would reply by reinterpreting:
"polygamy is always wrong by person's B standards"
"Polygamy is always right by person's A standards"
This not a good interpretation because it appears that Person A and Person B are
no longer disagreeing even though they still are
What is expressivism? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-When we make moral
statements, we aren't trying to describe the way the world is, we are expressing
our emotions
What do philosophers mean when they object that Ross's theory doesn't provide
any guidance? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-Ross's theory does not provide guidance
of what a person should do when two prima facie duties conflict
Ross's reply: is that we shouldn't expect there to be any such rule or behavior
What is moral particularism? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-The belief that there are
no moral rules - neither absolute moral rules nor prima facie rules
How could one object to moral pluralism? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-???
questions and answers. Grade A+
What are the varieties of ethical relativism - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-Cultural
relativism?
Ethical subjectivism
Cultural relativism - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-Ethical truth is determined by the
standards of a society
Questions:
-What is a society?
-What do I do if the moral codes of two of my society’s conflicts with one another
,Ethical Subjectivism - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-Ethical truth is determined by the
standards an individual accepts
Some have suggested that we be cultural relativists because we can't understand
other cultures and need to be tolerant of them. How could one reply to these
arguments? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔} --This is a reason to be well informed not a
reason to be a relativist
-Making a critical judgment need not involve tolerance or disrespect
-According to cultural relativism, if a society's code permits intolerance and
disrespect, then intolerance and disrespect become morally impermissible
Explain some objections to relativism - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔} --It holds that
moral codes are infallible (it is not possible to think that moral codes, individual or
societal, are never wrong)
-Relativism can't make sense of how we evaluate our own moral codes
-Relativism can't make sense of moral progress
-Relativism yields contraction
Relativism can't make sense of moral progress - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-1815-
slavery is okay
2015- slavery is not okay
Most people would consider that we have made progress from 1815 to 2015 but
a moral relativist can't take into account progress. This is because in 1815 society
said slavery was okay so a moral relativist wouldn't consider owning slaves to be
wrong
, Why would a dialogue between two people with different moral codes, one of
whom says "polygamy is right" and another of whom says, "Polygamy is wrong",
present a problem for ethical subjectivism? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-It would
present a problem for ethical subjectivism because ethical subjectivism is the idea
that ethical truths are determined by standards an individual accepts. So, if
person A believes that polygamy is right than it would be considered an ethical
truth just because he accepts it. On the other hand, the claim that polygamy is
wrong can also be an ethical truth as long as person B accepts it. This presents a
problem because these both can't be ethical truths since they contradict one
another.
A relativist would reply by reinterpreting:
"polygamy is always wrong by person's B standards"
"Polygamy is always right by person's A standards"
This not a good interpretation because it appears that Person A and Person B are
no longer disagreeing even though they still are
What is expressivism? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-When we make moral
statements, we aren't trying to describe the way the world is, we are expressing
our emotions
What do philosophers mean when they object that Ross's theory doesn't provide
any guidance? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-Ross's theory does not provide guidance
of what a person should do when two prima facie duties conflict
Ross's reply: is that we shouldn't expect there to be any such rule or behavior
What is moral particularism? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-The belief that there are
no moral rules - neither absolute moral rules nor prima facie rules
How could one object to moral pluralism? - {✔✔ANSWER✔✔}-???
