TRU BIOL 2131 EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS |LATEST UPDATE| 100% GUARANTEE PASS|
LATEST EXAM AND NEWEST VERSION ,GRADED
A+|WELL REVISED AND RATIONALIZED!!!!
What are the 3 tenets of the cell theory?
CORRECT ANSWER:
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) The cell is the structural unit of life
3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell
Fundamental properties that are shared by all cells (9)?
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Cells are highly complex and organized
- Possess a genetic program
- Can reproduce
- Acquire and use energy
- Carry out chemical reactions
- Engage in mechanical activities
- Respond to stimuli
- Capable of self-regulation
How is energy passed from one organism to the next?
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Light energy is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy
that is stored in energy-rich carbohydrates. These carbs are source
of energy for animal cells.
Common features between PROK and EUK (9)
CORRECT ANSWER:
PM, genetic info (DNA), similar mechanisms for
transcription/translation, shared metabolic pathways (glycolysis,
TCA), ATP, photosynthesis mechanisms, protein synthesis,
proteasomes, cytoskeletal filaments built of proteins similar to actin
and tubulin
EUK only features
CORRECT ANSWER:
nucleus, complex chromosomes (DNA + histones), cytoplasmic
organelles, complex cytoskeletal system/flagella/cilia, phagocytosis,
diploidy, sexual reproduction, mitotic spindles
two domains of PROK cells
CORRECT ANSWER:
archae and bacteria
(archae are more closely related to EUK)
EUK specialized cells are formed by
CORRECT ANSWER:
differentiation
As cell size increases, surface area/volume ratio ___
CORRECT ANSWER:
decreases
Surface area/volume ratio importance in cell size.
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Larger the cell (cytoplasmic volume) = longer it takes to move things
in/out, generate messages required by cell
- Too big = SA not sufficient to support cell activities
viruses - obligatory intracellular parasites
CORRECT ANSWER:
means they cannot produce unless present within a host cell
are viruses considered living organisms?
CORRECT ANSWER:
no; inability to reproduce/metabolize without host cells
Evolutionary importance of common properties between PROK and
EUK?
CORRECT ANSWER:
The similarities reflect the fact that EUK cells have evolved almost
certainly from PROK ancestors. Due to their common ancestry, the
two types of cells share an identical genetic code that uses DNA and
RNA, a common set of metabolic pathways, and many common
structural features.
Lytic infections
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Use host cell machinery to make new virions
- Will lyse host to release progeny to infect other cells
lysogenic infections
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Virus integrates DNA into host cell (provirus)
- No lysing of host
- Effects depend on type of virus
Viroid
, CORRECT ANSWER:
infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA molecule that
lacks a protein coat. Thought to cause disease by interfering with the
cell's normal path of gene expression
Can viruses be treated with antibiotics?
CORRECT ANSWER:
No
Most sugars have the general formula
CORRECT ANSWER:
Ch2O
carbs can be joined together by covalent ___bonds
CORRECT ANSWER:
glycosidic
oligosaccharides - role?
CORRECT ANSWER:
small chains often found covalently attached to lipids and proteins,
converting them into glycolipids and glycoproteins.
- 15 glucose or fewer per chain
- Role in mediating the interactions of a cell with its environment and
sorting of membrane proteins to different cellular compartments
glycogen
CORRECT ANSWER:
- highly branched, energy storages.
- Glucose polymer
- animal cells
Starch
ANSWERS |LATEST UPDATE| 100% GUARANTEE PASS|
LATEST EXAM AND NEWEST VERSION ,GRADED
A+|WELL REVISED AND RATIONALIZED!!!!
What are the 3 tenets of the cell theory?
CORRECT ANSWER:
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) The cell is the structural unit of life
3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell
Fundamental properties that are shared by all cells (9)?
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Cells are highly complex and organized
- Possess a genetic program
- Can reproduce
- Acquire and use energy
- Carry out chemical reactions
- Engage in mechanical activities
- Respond to stimuli
- Capable of self-regulation
How is energy passed from one organism to the next?
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Light energy is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy
that is stored in energy-rich carbohydrates. These carbs are source
of energy for animal cells.
Common features between PROK and EUK (9)
CORRECT ANSWER:
PM, genetic info (DNA), similar mechanisms for
transcription/translation, shared metabolic pathways (glycolysis,
TCA), ATP, photosynthesis mechanisms, protein synthesis,
proteasomes, cytoskeletal filaments built of proteins similar to actin
and tubulin
EUK only features
CORRECT ANSWER:
nucleus, complex chromosomes (DNA + histones), cytoplasmic
organelles, complex cytoskeletal system/flagella/cilia, phagocytosis,
diploidy, sexual reproduction, mitotic spindles
two domains of PROK cells
CORRECT ANSWER:
archae and bacteria
(archae are more closely related to EUK)
EUK specialized cells are formed by
CORRECT ANSWER:
differentiation
As cell size increases, surface area/volume ratio ___
CORRECT ANSWER:
decreases
Surface area/volume ratio importance in cell size.
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Larger the cell (cytoplasmic volume) = longer it takes to move things
in/out, generate messages required by cell
- Too big = SA not sufficient to support cell activities
viruses - obligatory intracellular parasites
CORRECT ANSWER:
means they cannot produce unless present within a host cell
are viruses considered living organisms?
CORRECT ANSWER:
no; inability to reproduce/metabolize without host cells
Evolutionary importance of common properties between PROK and
EUK?
CORRECT ANSWER:
The similarities reflect the fact that EUK cells have evolved almost
certainly from PROK ancestors. Due to their common ancestry, the
two types of cells share an identical genetic code that uses DNA and
RNA, a common set of metabolic pathways, and many common
structural features.
Lytic infections
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Use host cell machinery to make new virions
- Will lyse host to release progeny to infect other cells
lysogenic infections
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Virus integrates DNA into host cell (provirus)
- No lysing of host
- Effects depend on type of virus
Viroid
, CORRECT ANSWER:
infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA molecule that
lacks a protein coat. Thought to cause disease by interfering with the
cell's normal path of gene expression
Can viruses be treated with antibiotics?
CORRECT ANSWER:
No
Most sugars have the general formula
CORRECT ANSWER:
Ch2O
carbs can be joined together by covalent ___bonds
CORRECT ANSWER:
glycosidic
oligosaccharides - role?
CORRECT ANSWER:
small chains often found covalently attached to lipids and proteins,
converting them into glycolipids and glycoproteins.
- 15 glucose or fewer per chain
- Role in mediating the interactions of a cell with its environment and
sorting of membrane proteins to different cellular compartments
glycogen
CORRECT ANSWER:
- highly branched, energy storages.
- Glucose polymer
- animal cells
Starch
