Ch3 – Government and Opposition, 1888-1914 Pressure Group Established Membership Aims payment for Reichstag deputies 1906, but also
Personality of Kaiser Wilhelm II – 27 years old
when he took power, full of energy, ambition Pan- German 1891 c25,000 mainly Unite ethnic repressive action against Poles and Jews. By 1905
League middle class, 60 Germans around
and confident. He was nervous, moody and
Reichstag the world, acquire
Bulow and Wilhelm’s relationship no longer
unpredictable. Nicknamed ‘Reisekaiser’ =
‘Travelling Emperor’. Born with a limp left arm,
deputies by 1914 colonies and harmonious, Bulow failed to control the Reichstag and
suppress
defective hearing and paralysis on the left side socialism
win approval for Wilhelm’s increased military
of his body - underwent painful treatments as spending, income raised by new tariff laws insufficient
a child. Only at ease when surrounded by his Navy League 1893 c500,000 Promote naval
expansion, so he tried to enforce higher taxes but received
military personnel, pathologically obsessed with
the military. Sensitive to criticism,
develop navy opposition from SPD and Zentrum who he’s previously
support, pressure
disagreements could produce outbursts of rage. Reichstag to pass relied on. He resorted to a small tax on legacies 1906
Bordered on being sadistic. naval bills and
– SPD and Zentrum supported, Conservatives and
promote growth of
Caprivi 1890-94 – a military figure Wilhelm colonies Bundesrat didn’t. 1907 he negotiated the Bulow Bloc
thought would adopt a moderate approach to – Conservatives, Agrarian League members and
Agrarian League 1893 c250,000 Protect
socialism. He set out a ‘New Course’ including:
1. End Anti-Socialist Law 2. More influence over
300,000+ by agricultural Liberals, won victory following the Hottentot election.
1913, led by interests, lobby
policy making for ministers 3. Reduction in Junkers and many for tariff National debt doubled 1900-1908, Conservative and
tariffs 4. Social reforms – recognition of TUs, smallholders/tena protection to help Agrarian League favoured increased taxation on
reduction in working hours and progressive nt farmers farmers
income tax. Welcomed by working class, goods, Socialists and Progressive Liberals wanted
Army League 1912 C300,000 with Promote
socialists, industrialists, Zentrum and Liberals. 500 branches by expansion of the increased property and inheritance tax. His finance
Opposed by Conservative Prussian Landowners 1914 army and bill of June 1909 defeated, Daily Telegraph Affair 1908
and camarillo. 1893 Caprivi agreed to reduce pressure
military service from 3 to 2 years and allow Reichstag to pass and Eulenburg Affair 1907 – he resigned.
Reichstag to discuss military budget every 5 army bills
years not 7 , Reichstag passed a bill to increase Imperial League 1904 c200,000, curb growth of Hollweg 1909-19 – tasked with fixing the budget
army by 84,000 men. Conservatives saw this as against Social supported by socialism,
a humiliating surrender. Democracy heavy industry promote
deficit with demands for increased military
conservative expenditure and demands from left wing e.g. reform
Hohenloe 1894-1900 – a figurehead chancellor, values
of the 3-stage-voting system of Prussia 1910,
‘straw doll’. Introduced 2 bills to curb Socialism Bulow 1900-9 – 1895
Groomed for office by Wilhelm’s circle,
– 1894 Subversion Bill and 1899 Anti-Union Bill,
Industrialists’
nicknamed
League
Members from
‘the eel’. Abandoned
Protect
anti-socialistmanufacturing
manufacturing side of measure defeated by Progressives and Conservatives.
both rejected by Reichstag. Wilhelm turned to
Sammlungspolitik but appealedand toexport
patriotism.interests
1902 and new Universal male suffrage introduced at 21yrs passed in
Interior Minister Posadowsky 1899 to pass a bill industries promote exports
1911. 1912 elections he failed to push patriotism
imposing prison sentences for harmful strike tariff law restored duties on agricultural products and a
action – rejected. Wilhelm increasingly ignored few key manufacturers, this increased revenue for navy theme, 1/3 voted for SPD, SPD and Progressives had a
Hohenloe becoming more interested in
and appeased agrarian interest but fell short of Agrarian left wing majority, forced to lobby support on
Weltpolitik. Wilhelm’s circle favoured a policy of measures as they arose. July 1913 Reichstag
concentration, a development of League demands. Posadowsky developed social security
Sammlungspolitik, fostered nationalist 1900-9 to remove support for socialists, he introduced persuaded to agree to an increase in the size of the
sympathies in opposition to socialism.
social reforms and new rules for arbitration of industrial army as it was funded on ‘defence tax’ on the value of
Supported by right wing pressure groups. property. Vote of no-confidence against Hollweg 1913,
Resigned after a disagreement with Wilhelm. disputes, and extended accident and health insurance.
Socialists received the credit, SPD increased their vote Wilhelm kept him in office, he issued imperial decrees
Personality of Kaiser Wilhelm II – 27 years old
when he took power, full of energy, ambition Pan- German 1891 c25,000 mainly Unite ethnic repressive action against Poles and Jews. By 1905
League middle class, 60 Germans around
and confident. He was nervous, moody and
Reichstag the world, acquire
Bulow and Wilhelm’s relationship no longer
unpredictable. Nicknamed ‘Reisekaiser’ =
‘Travelling Emperor’. Born with a limp left arm,
deputies by 1914 colonies and harmonious, Bulow failed to control the Reichstag and
suppress
defective hearing and paralysis on the left side socialism
win approval for Wilhelm’s increased military
of his body - underwent painful treatments as spending, income raised by new tariff laws insufficient
a child. Only at ease when surrounded by his Navy League 1893 c500,000 Promote naval
expansion, so he tried to enforce higher taxes but received
military personnel, pathologically obsessed with
the military. Sensitive to criticism,
develop navy opposition from SPD and Zentrum who he’s previously
support, pressure
disagreements could produce outbursts of rage. Reichstag to pass relied on. He resorted to a small tax on legacies 1906
Bordered on being sadistic. naval bills and
– SPD and Zentrum supported, Conservatives and
promote growth of
Caprivi 1890-94 – a military figure Wilhelm colonies Bundesrat didn’t. 1907 he negotiated the Bulow Bloc
thought would adopt a moderate approach to – Conservatives, Agrarian League members and
Agrarian League 1893 c250,000 Protect
socialism. He set out a ‘New Course’ including:
1. End Anti-Socialist Law 2. More influence over
300,000+ by agricultural Liberals, won victory following the Hottentot election.
1913, led by interests, lobby
policy making for ministers 3. Reduction in Junkers and many for tariff National debt doubled 1900-1908, Conservative and
tariffs 4. Social reforms – recognition of TUs, smallholders/tena protection to help Agrarian League favoured increased taxation on
reduction in working hours and progressive nt farmers farmers
income tax. Welcomed by working class, goods, Socialists and Progressive Liberals wanted
Army League 1912 C300,000 with Promote
socialists, industrialists, Zentrum and Liberals. 500 branches by expansion of the increased property and inheritance tax. His finance
Opposed by Conservative Prussian Landowners 1914 army and bill of June 1909 defeated, Daily Telegraph Affair 1908
and camarillo. 1893 Caprivi agreed to reduce pressure
military service from 3 to 2 years and allow Reichstag to pass and Eulenburg Affair 1907 – he resigned.
Reichstag to discuss military budget every 5 army bills
years not 7 , Reichstag passed a bill to increase Imperial League 1904 c200,000, curb growth of Hollweg 1909-19 – tasked with fixing the budget
army by 84,000 men. Conservatives saw this as against Social supported by socialism,
a humiliating surrender. Democracy heavy industry promote
deficit with demands for increased military
conservative expenditure and demands from left wing e.g. reform
Hohenloe 1894-1900 – a figurehead chancellor, values
of the 3-stage-voting system of Prussia 1910,
‘straw doll’. Introduced 2 bills to curb Socialism Bulow 1900-9 – 1895
Groomed for office by Wilhelm’s circle,
– 1894 Subversion Bill and 1899 Anti-Union Bill,
Industrialists’
nicknamed
League
Members from
‘the eel’. Abandoned
Protect
anti-socialistmanufacturing
manufacturing side of measure defeated by Progressives and Conservatives.
both rejected by Reichstag. Wilhelm turned to
Sammlungspolitik but appealedand toexport
patriotism.interests
1902 and new Universal male suffrage introduced at 21yrs passed in
Interior Minister Posadowsky 1899 to pass a bill industries promote exports
1911. 1912 elections he failed to push patriotism
imposing prison sentences for harmful strike tariff law restored duties on agricultural products and a
action – rejected. Wilhelm increasingly ignored few key manufacturers, this increased revenue for navy theme, 1/3 voted for SPD, SPD and Progressives had a
Hohenloe becoming more interested in
and appeased agrarian interest but fell short of Agrarian left wing majority, forced to lobby support on
Weltpolitik. Wilhelm’s circle favoured a policy of measures as they arose. July 1913 Reichstag
concentration, a development of League demands. Posadowsky developed social security
Sammlungspolitik, fostered nationalist 1900-9 to remove support for socialists, he introduced persuaded to agree to an increase in the size of the
sympathies in opposition to socialism.
social reforms and new rules for arbitration of industrial army as it was funded on ‘defence tax’ on the value of
Supported by right wing pressure groups. property. Vote of no-confidence against Hollweg 1913,
Resigned after a disagreement with Wilhelm. disputes, and extended accident and health insurance.
Socialists received the credit, SPD increased their vote Wilhelm kept him in office, he issued imperial decrees
