NURS 3000 final exam Questions All
Solved Correctly 2025-2026 Updated.
Common long-term disabilities of stroke - Answer hemiparesis, inability to walk, complete or
partial dependence for ADLs, aphasia, depression
blood flow rate to the brain to maintain adequate/optimal brain functioning - Answer 750-
1000 mL/min, or 20% of cardiac output
time it takes for things to stop working once blood stops flowing to the brain - Answer - 30
sec. to alter neurological metabolism
- 2 min. to stop metabolism
- 5 min until cellular death
cardiac output has to be reduced by ____ before cerebral blood flow is reduced - Answer 1/3
how can an area of the brain receive blood supply from another blood vessel if its original blood
supply is cut off? - Answer connections between arteries at the circle of willis
one major cause of stroke - Answer atherosclerosis
what happens if the ischemic cascade is interrupted? - Answer adequate blood flow is
restored, brain damage may be minimized, less neurological function may be lost
non-modifiable risk factors for stroke - Answer age, gender, ethnicity, race, family history,
heredity, low birth weight
modifiable risk factors for stroke - Answer asymptomatic carotid stenosis, arteriovenous
malformation, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, a. fib, alcohol use, hypercoagulability, illicit
drugs, HTN, obesity, oral contraceptive use, physical inactivity, sleep apnea, smoking
types of stroke - Answer ischemic strokes: thrombotic, embolic
hemorrhagic strokes: intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage
ischemic strokes result from - Answer inadequate blood flow to the brain from partial or
complete occlusion of an artery
,what is usually a precursor to ischemic stroke? - Answer TIA
What is TIA - Answer a temporary episode of neurological dysfunction without acute
infarction of the brain
how does thrombotic stroke occur? - Answer when a blood clot forms in a diseased and
narrowed (from plaque) blood vessel in the brain
Extent of thrombotic stroke depends on - Answer Rapidity of onset
Size of the lesions
Presence of collateral circulation
what is a lacunar stroke? - Answer a thrombotic stroke in a small penetrating artery that
supplies blood to tissue deep within the brain. many are asymptomatic, but symptoms can be
severe when present
symptoms of lacunar stroke - Answer pure motor hemiplegia, pure sensory stroke,
contralateral leg and face weakness, arm and leg ataxia, isolated motor or sensory stroke
embolic stroke occurs when: - Answer an embolus lodges in and occludes a cerebral artery,
resulting in infarction and edema of the area supplied by the involved vessel
hemorrhagic stroke results from: - Answer bleeding into the brain tissue itself or into the
subarachnoid space or ventricles
intracerebral hemorrhage - Answer is bleeding within the brain caused by rupture of a vessel
most important risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage? - Answer HTN
extent of the symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage depends on: - Answer amount,
location, duration of bleeding
subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when: - Answer there is intracranial bleeding into the CSF-
filled space between the arachnoid and pia mater membranes on the surface of the brain.
subarachnoid hemorrhage is commonly caused by: - Answer rupture of a cerebral aneurysm,
the majority of which are in the circle of willis
,neurological manifestations ___ signficantly differ between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke -
Answer do not
motor deficits are the most obvious effect of stroke, including - Answer impairment of
mobility, respiratory function, swallowing and speech, gag reflex, and self-care abilities
akinesia - Answer loss of skilled voluntary movement
hyporeflexia - Answer depressed reflexes
Hyperreflexia - Answer hyperactive reflexes
___ reflexia often progresses to ___ reflexia - Answer hypo; hyper
lesions on one side of the brain affect facial features on the ____ side as the lesion, and the
_____ side of the body - Answer same (ipsilateral); opposite (contralateral)
symptoms of right-brain damage from stroke - Answer left hemiplegia, left-sided neglect,
spatial-perceptual deficits, tends to deny or minimize problems, rapid performance with short
attention span, impusliviity and safety problems, impaired judgment, impaired time concepts
left brain damage symptoms from stroke - Answer right hemiplegia, aphasias, impaired right-
left discrimination, slow and cautious performance, awareness of deficits leading to depression
and anxiety, impaired comprehension related to language and math
anterior cerebral artery stroke manifestations - Answer contralateral motor and/or sensory
deficit, sucking or rooting reflex, rigidity, gait problems, loss of proprioception, fine touch
middle cerebral artery stroke manifestations - Answer dominant side: aphasia, motor and
sensory deficit, hemianopia
non-dominant side: neglect, motor and sensory deficit, hemianopia
hemianopia - Answer half-blindness, or the loss of vision on half of the field of vision
posterior cerebral artery stroke manifestations - Answer hemianopia, visual hallucination,
spontaneous pain, motor deficit
, vertebral artery stroke manifestations - Answer cranial nerve deficits, diplopia, dizziness,
nausea, vomiting, dysarthria, dysphagia, coma
diplopia - Answer double vision
single most important timely primary assessment tool for a stroke patient - Answer CT scan
or MRI
diagnostic studies for cerebral blood flow - Answer carotid angiography, carotid duplex
scanning, cerebral angiography, digital subtraction angiography, transcranial doppler
ultrasonography
diagnostic studies for cardiac assessment - Answer cardiac markers (troponin, creatine
kinase-MB), chest radiography, echo, ECG
additional diagnostic studies for stroke - Answer CSF analysis (unless increased ICP is
suspected), coagulation studies, CBC, HbA1c, lipid profile, renal and hepatic studies
prevention therapy for stroke - Answer control of HTN, control of diabetes, treatment of
underlying cardiac problem
lifestyle modifications for stroke - Answer limiting alcohol intake, increasing exercise, weight
loss to normalize BMI, reduction of sodium intake, smoking cessation
drug therapy for stroke - Answer anticoagulation therapy for patients with a.fib, platelet
inhibitors
surgical therapy for stroke - Answer carotid endartectomy, extracranial-intracranial bypass,
stenting of carotid artery, surgical interventions for aneurysms at risk of bleeding, transluminal
angioplasty
acute care for stroke - Answer DVT prevention with low molecular weight heparin, fluid
therapy, maintenance of airway, prevention of secondary injury, treatment of cerebral edema
collaborative care for ischemic stroke - Answer endovascular treatment, tPA
collaborative care for hemorrhagic stroke - Answer clipping or coiling of aneurysm, surgical
decompression if indicated
Solved Correctly 2025-2026 Updated.
Common long-term disabilities of stroke - Answer hemiparesis, inability to walk, complete or
partial dependence for ADLs, aphasia, depression
blood flow rate to the brain to maintain adequate/optimal brain functioning - Answer 750-
1000 mL/min, or 20% of cardiac output
time it takes for things to stop working once blood stops flowing to the brain - Answer - 30
sec. to alter neurological metabolism
- 2 min. to stop metabolism
- 5 min until cellular death
cardiac output has to be reduced by ____ before cerebral blood flow is reduced - Answer 1/3
how can an area of the brain receive blood supply from another blood vessel if its original blood
supply is cut off? - Answer connections between arteries at the circle of willis
one major cause of stroke - Answer atherosclerosis
what happens if the ischemic cascade is interrupted? - Answer adequate blood flow is
restored, brain damage may be minimized, less neurological function may be lost
non-modifiable risk factors for stroke - Answer age, gender, ethnicity, race, family history,
heredity, low birth weight
modifiable risk factors for stroke - Answer asymptomatic carotid stenosis, arteriovenous
malformation, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, a. fib, alcohol use, hypercoagulability, illicit
drugs, HTN, obesity, oral contraceptive use, physical inactivity, sleep apnea, smoking
types of stroke - Answer ischemic strokes: thrombotic, embolic
hemorrhagic strokes: intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage
ischemic strokes result from - Answer inadequate blood flow to the brain from partial or
complete occlusion of an artery
,what is usually a precursor to ischemic stroke? - Answer TIA
What is TIA - Answer a temporary episode of neurological dysfunction without acute
infarction of the brain
how does thrombotic stroke occur? - Answer when a blood clot forms in a diseased and
narrowed (from plaque) blood vessel in the brain
Extent of thrombotic stroke depends on - Answer Rapidity of onset
Size of the lesions
Presence of collateral circulation
what is a lacunar stroke? - Answer a thrombotic stroke in a small penetrating artery that
supplies blood to tissue deep within the brain. many are asymptomatic, but symptoms can be
severe when present
symptoms of lacunar stroke - Answer pure motor hemiplegia, pure sensory stroke,
contralateral leg and face weakness, arm and leg ataxia, isolated motor or sensory stroke
embolic stroke occurs when: - Answer an embolus lodges in and occludes a cerebral artery,
resulting in infarction and edema of the area supplied by the involved vessel
hemorrhagic stroke results from: - Answer bleeding into the brain tissue itself or into the
subarachnoid space or ventricles
intracerebral hemorrhage - Answer is bleeding within the brain caused by rupture of a vessel
most important risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage? - Answer HTN
extent of the symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage depends on: - Answer amount,
location, duration of bleeding
subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when: - Answer there is intracranial bleeding into the CSF-
filled space between the arachnoid and pia mater membranes on the surface of the brain.
subarachnoid hemorrhage is commonly caused by: - Answer rupture of a cerebral aneurysm,
the majority of which are in the circle of willis
,neurological manifestations ___ signficantly differ between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke -
Answer do not
motor deficits are the most obvious effect of stroke, including - Answer impairment of
mobility, respiratory function, swallowing and speech, gag reflex, and self-care abilities
akinesia - Answer loss of skilled voluntary movement
hyporeflexia - Answer depressed reflexes
Hyperreflexia - Answer hyperactive reflexes
___ reflexia often progresses to ___ reflexia - Answer hypo; hyper
lesions on one side of the brain affect facial features on the ____ side as the lesion, and the
_____ side of the body - Answer same (ipsilateral); opposite (contralateral)
symptoms of right-brain damage from stroke - Answer left hemiplegia, left-sided neglect,
spatial-perceptual deficits, tends to deny or minimize problems, rapid performance with short
attention span, impusliviity and safety problems, impaired judgment, impaired time concepts
left brain damage symptoms from stroke - Answer right hemiplegia, aphasias, impaired right-
left discrimination, slow and cautious performance, awareness of deficits leading to depression
and anxiety, impaired comprehension related to language and math
anterior cerebral artery stroke manifestations - Answer contralateral motor and/or sensory
deficit, sucking or rooting reflex, rigidity, gait problems, loss of proprioception, fine touch
middle cerebral artery stroke manifestations - Answer dominant side: aphasia, motor and
sensory deficit, hemianopia
non-dominant side: neglect, motor and sensory deficit, hemianopia
hemianopia - Answer half-blindness, or the loss of vision on half of the field of vision
posterior cerebral artery stroke manifestations - Answer hemianopia, visual hallucination,
spontaneous pain, motor deficit
, vertebral artery stroke manifestations - Answer cranial nerve deficits, diplopia, dizziness,
nausea, vomiting, dysarthria, dysphagia, coma
diplopia - Answer double vision
single most important timely primary assessment tool for a stroke patient - Answer CT scan
or MRI
diagnostic studies for cerebral blood flow - Answer carotid angiography, carotid duplex
scanning, cerebral angiography, digital subtraction angiography, transcranial doppler
ultrasonography
diagnostic studies for cardiac assessment - Answer cardiac markers (troponin, creatine
kinase-MB), chest radiography, echo, ECG
additional diagnostic studies for stroke - Answer CSF analysis (unless increased ICP is
suspected), coagulation studies, CBC, HbA1c, lipid profile, renal and hepatic studies
prevention therapy for stroke - Answer control of HTN, control of diabetes, treatment of
underlying cardiac problem
lifestyle modifications for stroke - Answer limiting alcohol intake, increasing exercise, weight
loss to normalize BMI, reduction of sodium intake, smoking cessation
drug therapy for stroke - Answer anticoagulation therapy for patients with a.fib, platelet
inhibitors
surgical therapy for stroke - Answer carotid endartectomy, extracranial-intracranial bypass,
stenting of carotid artery, surgical interventions for aneurysms at risk of bleeding, transluminal
angioplasty
acute care for stroke - Answer DVT prevention with low molecular weight heparin, fluid
therapy, maintenance of airway, prevention of secondary injury, treatment of cerebral edema
collaborative care for ischemic stroke - Answer endovascular treatment, tPA
collaborative care for hemorrhagic stroke - Answer clipping or coiling of aneurysm, surgical
decompression if indicated
