MDC BSC 1005 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate at __________. - Answers -
anaphase I
If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are
there in the cell at prophase I? - Answers - Prophase I is the initial stage of meiosis,
when duplicated chromosomes first become visible but no division of chromosomes or
cell division has yet occurred; so, 16 chromosomes (the diploid number) are present. if
the diploid number of chromosomes is 16, then each haploid daughter cell would
contain 8 chromosomes.
If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are
there in each cell at metaphase II? - Answers - 8
If a cell has 30 chromosomes before mitosis, how many does each daughter cell have
afterward? - Answers - The purpose of mitosis is to turn a single parent cell into two
genetically identical daughter cells. Therefore, if the parent cell has 30 chromosomes,
then each daughter cell will also have 30 chromosomes after mitosis
In humans, meiosis produces cells that are __________. - Answers - Meiosis is referred
to as reduction division because it results in cells that are haploid; the resulting cells are
specialized sex cells called gametes.
Which of the following is the last stage of mitosis? - Answers - TELOPHASE
Which of the following terms describes a failure of chromosomes to sort properly during
meiosis? - Answers - Nondisjunction
Diploid cells become haploid during __________. - Answers - Meiosis I
In meiosis II, __________. - Answers - sister chromatids are separated into different
daughter cells
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes normally occurs __________. -
Answers - Crossing over between homologous chromosomes normally occurs during
prophase I.
a laboratory technique that produces an image of an individual's chromosomes -
Answers - a karyotype
Plant cells divide by __________. - Answers - mitosis followed by cytokinesis by cell
plate formation
,Plant cells nuclear division occurs through mitosis. Their cytoplasm is divided through
cytokinesis by cell-plate formation.
Why are no two gametes exactly alike genetically? - Answers - Each gamete has a
different combination of parental chromosomes that is the result of both crossing over
and independent assortment.
A human skin cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many
chromatids does it contain in total? - Answers - A sister chromatid is one of the two
identical DNA molecules that make up a duplicated chromosome. A cell in prophase of
mitosis has already undergone chromosomal duplication (DNA replication). Each
chromosome will consist of a pair of sister chromatids. Therefore, if the cell has 46
chromosomes, there will be a total of 92 chromatids.
Which of the following is true about prophase I? - Answers - It involves pairing up of
homologous chromosomes.
If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are
there in the cell at anaphase I? - Answers - The correct answer is 16 because, although
the homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I, telophase I and
cytokinesis have not yet occurred to produce the two haploid daughter cells that are the
final product of meiosis I.
Which of the following is true about meiosis II? - Answers - Meiosis II is the second
division of meiosis, and it results in the production of four haploid cells.
are the number of chromosomes found in a somatic eukaryotic cell constant during its
entire life ? - Answers - The number of chromosomes found in a somatic eukaryotic cell
is constant during its entire life.
Although the number of chromosomes varies by species, each individual somatic (body)
cell within a species will always have the specific number of chromosomes
characteristic of that species (constant over its entire life). For example, a human cheek
cell, liver cell, or bone cell will all always have 46 chromosomes (except for the brief
period between mitotic anaphase and cytokinesis when the number of chromosomes
doubles).
A human somatic (body) cell has __________ chromosomes. - Answers - Different
organisms have different numbers of chromosomes; human somatic cells have 46
chromosomes, for example, whereas onion cells have 16. The 46 human chromosomes
exist as 23 pairs: 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y).
Individuals that have an XY are classified as biologically male, while individuals with XX
are biologically female.
, The sex of a human fetus is determined by the __________. - Answers - sex
chromosome found in the sperm
How does meiosis generate genetic diversity? - Answers - Homologous chromosomes
cross over during prophase I, and during metaphase I, chromosomes align randomly.
Which of the following allows sexual reproduction to occur generation after generation?
- Answers - Meiosis
While working in a medical clinic, you are asked to assist in the care of a 16-year old
female patient who has not yet begun menstruating. You also notice that she is small in
stature and has a wider than average neck.
You suspect that she might have __________. - Answers - You suspect that she might
have Turner syndrome.
The patient's physical features—short stature, wide neck and possible fertility issues—
suggest that she might have Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome occurs when there is
only one X chromosome present in a female. Turner syndrome can result from mistakes
in meiosis that produce gametes (sperm or egg) lacking an X chromosome. If such
gametes are involved in fertilization, the offspring may be female with only one X
chromosome (XO) instead of the normal two (XX).
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? - Answers - DNA
replication occurs during S phase of the cell cycle.
Homologous chromosomes __________. - Answers - Homologous chromosomes carry
the same genes, although not necessarily the same versions of those genes.
Different versions of the same gene are called alleles and arise from mutations that
change the DNA sequence of the chromosome. The DNA sequences are not alike,
because each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes is inherited from a
different source—that is, one from the father and one from the mother.
You carry out a self-cross of the offspring produced from a cross between homozygous
pea plants with yellow and green seeds. Which of the following phenotypic ratios do you
expect to see in the next generation? - Answers - 3:1
Polygenic - Answers - refers to the inheritance of traits that are controlled by two or
more genes
A carrier of a human genetic disorder __________. - Answers - is heterozygous for a
recessive disorder-causing allele
Hemophilia, a blood-clotting disorder in humans, is an X-linked recessive trait. If a
normal man has a son with a carrier woman, what is the probability that the son will
have hemophilia? - Answers - 50%
ANSWERS
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate at __________. - Answers -
anaphase I
If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are
there in the cell at prophase I? - Answers - Prophase I is the initial stage of meiosis,
when duplicated chromosomes first become visible but no division of chromosomes or
cell division has yet occurred; so, 16 chromosomes (the diploid number) are present. if
the diploid number of chromosomes is 16, then each haploid daughter cell would
contain 8 chromosomes.
If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are
there in each cell at metaphase II? - Answers - 8
If a cell has 30 chromosomes before mitosis, how many does each daughter cell have
afterward? - Answers - The purpose of mitosis is to turn a single parent cell into two
genetically identical daughter cells. Therefore, if the parent cell has 30 chromosomes,
then each daughter cell will also have 30 chromosomes after mitosis
In humans, meiosis produces cells that are __________. - Answers - Meiosis is referred
to as reduction division because it results in cells that are haploid; the resulting cells are
specialized sex cells called gametes.
Which of the following is the last stage of mitosis? - Answers - TELOPHASE
Which of the following terms describes a failure of chromosomes to sort properly during
meiosis? - Answers - Nondisjunction
Diploid cells become haploid during __________. - Answers - Meiosis I
In meiosis II, __________. - Answers - sister chromatids are separated into different
daughter cells
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes normally occurs __________. -
Answers - Crossing over between homologous chromosomes normally occurs during
prophase I.
a laboratory technique that produces an image of an individual's chromosomes -
Answers - a karyotype
Plant cells divide by __________. - Answers - mitosis followed by cytokinesis by cell
plate formation
,Plant cells nuclear division occurs through mitosis. Their cytoplasm is divided through
cytokinesis by cell-plate formation.
Why are no two gametes exactly alike genetically? - Answers - Each gamete has a
different combination of parental chromosomes that is the result of both crossing over
and independent assortment.
A human skin cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many
chromatids does it contain in total? - Answers - A sister chromatid is one of the two
identical DNA molecules that make up a duplicated chromosome. A cell in prophase of
mitosis has already undergone chromosomal duplication (DNA replication). Each
chromosome will consist of a pair of sister chromatids. Therefore, if the cell has 46
chromosomes, there will be a total of 92 chromatids.
Which of the following is true about prophase I? - Answers - It involves pairing up of
homologous chromosomes.
If a cell begins meiosis with a 2n (diploid) number of 16, how many chromosomes are
there in the cell at anaphase I? - Answers - The correct answer is 16 because, although
the homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I, telophase I and
cytokinesis have not yet occurred to produce the two haploid daughter cells that are the
final product of meiosis I.
Which of the following is true about meiosis II? - Answers - Meiosis II is the second
division of meiosis, and it results in the production of four haploid cells.
are the number of chromosomes found in a somatic eukaryotic cell constant during its
entire life ? - Answers - The number of chromosomes found in a somatic eukaryotic cell
is constant during its entire life.
Although the number of chromosomes varies by species, each individual somatic (body)
cell within a species will always have the specific number of chromosomes
characteristic of that species (constant over its entire life). For example, a human cheek
cell, liver cell, or bone cell will all always have 46 chromosomes (except for the brief
period between mitotic anaphase and cytokinesis when the number of chromosomes
doubles).
A human somatic (body) cell has __________ chromosomes. - Answers - Different
organisms have different numbers of chromosomes; human somatic cells have 46
chromosomes, for example, whereas onion cells have 16. The 46 human chromosomes
exist as 23 pairs: 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y).
Individuals that have an XY are classified as biologically male, while individuals with XX
are biologically female.
, The sex of a human fetus is determined by the __________. - Answers - sex
chromosome found in the sperm
How does meiosis generate genetic diversity? - Answers - Homologous chromosomes
cross over during prophase I, and during metaphase I, chromosomes align randomly.
Which of the following allows sexual reproduction to occur generation after generation?
- Answers - Meiosis
While working in a medical clinic, you are asked to assist in the care of a 16-year old
female patient who has not yet begun menstruating. You also notice that she is small in
stature and has a wider than average neck.
You suspect that she might have __________. - Answers - You suspect that she might
have Turner syndrome.
The patient's physical features—short stature, wide neck and possible fertility issues—
suggest that she might have Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome occurs when there is
only one X chromosome present in a female. Turner syndrome can result from mistakes
in meiosis that produce gametes (sperm or egg) lacking an X chromosome. If such
gametes are involved in fertilization, the offspring may be female with only one X
chromosome (XO) instead of the normal two (XX).
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? - Answers - DNA
replication occurs during S phase of the cell cycle.
Homologous chromosomes __________. - Answers - Homologous chromosomes carry
the same genes, although not necessarily the same versions of those genes.
Different versions of the same gene are called alleles and arise from mutations that
change the DNA sequence of the chromosome. The DNA sequences are not alike,
because each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes is inherited from a
different source—that is, one from the father and one from the mother.
You carry out a self-cross of the offspring produced from a cross between homozygous
pea plants with yellow and green seeds. Which of the following phenotypic ratios do you
expect to see in the next generation? - Answers - 3:1
Polygenic - Answers - refers to the inheritance of traits that are controlled by two or
more genes
A carrier of a human genetic disorder __________. - Answers - is heterozygous for a
recessive disorder-causing allele
Hemophilia, a blood-clotting disorder in humans, is an X-linked recessive trait. If a
normal man has a son with a carrier woman, what is the probability that the son will
have hemophilia? - Answers - 50%
