CLEP Western Civilization 1 (2026) Exam
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Terms in this set (189)
The Fertile Crescent An area of river valleys in the Near East where
conditions are optimum for crop production.
The Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) The age in which humans lived as nomads in
small communities, hunting and gathering fruits
for food and using fire and crude stone
implements.
The Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) The age in which stone tools were refined,
animals were domesticated, and agriculture was
developed as people transitioned from a
nomadic to a more settled way of life.
The Bronze Age The age in which cities were developed, and
tools were increasingly made out of metal alloys
rather than stone. Irrigation and writing began to
be developed during this time.
Sumer (Mesopotamia) The area within the Tigris-Euphrates river valley.
,Akkadians A semi-nomadic people, who spoke a Semitic
language. Migrated from the deserts west of
Mesopotamia and settled in the Tigris-Euphrates
valley during the 4th millennium B.C.E.
King Sargon An Akkadian king (2371-2316 B.C.E., approximate)
who led the Akkadians in conquering Sumerian
city-states. Established an empire that unified
Mesopotamia and reached beyond it into the
Iranian plateau and as far west as Lebanon. His
dynasty ruled Akkad and Sumer for about 200
years.
The Third Dynasty of Ur Around 2100 B.C.E., the Sumerian city of Ur rose
up in revolt against the Akkadian rule. The
attained control of Mesopotamia and ruled for
about 100 years.
Amorites Re-unified Mesopotamia, and established their
capital at Babylon, on the Euphrates. The
Amorites (Old Babylonian Dynasty) ruled for
about 300 years, from around 1900-1600 B.C.E.
Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E., approximate) The greatest king
of the Old Babylonian Dynasty. Famous for his
law code. Claimed to be a representative of the
gods.
Hammurabi's Code A law code that attempted to stabilize the
hierarchical society. Presented like a pyramid: the
slaves at the bottom, freemen such as peasants
and merchants next, warrior aristocracy and
priesthood, and the king at the top. Known for,
"An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." Dealt
with legislation regarding the family, ownership of
land, and commercial transactions.
, Hittites From Anatolia (Asia Minor). Attacked the Old
Babylonian Empire around 1600 B.C.E. and
plundered them.
Kassites From the region that is now Iran. Attacked the
Old Babylonian Empire around 1600 B.C.E. and
established themselves as rulers for 300 years.
Hurrians Established the kingdom of Mitanni in the upper
Tigris-Euphrates valley around 1500 B.C.E. which
lasted for 100 years, until they were conquered
by the Hittites.
Cuneiform The earliest form of writing, made by wedge-
shaped marks impressed on clay tables using a
stylus. Initially pictographs (representing objects),
but later included ideograms (representing
ideas). Began around 3000 B.C.E.
Ziggurats Multi-level, pyramid-like constructions by the
people of Mesopotamia. Demonstrate practical
engineering skills.
Gilgamesh A Sumerian epic poem inscribed around 2000
B.C.E. on twelve cuneiform tablets. Describes the
quest of the hero Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, in
search of immortality. Includes an account of a
great flood.
Enuma Elish A Sumerian epic poem describing the story of
creation.
The Egyptian Archaic Period The first two dynasties of Egypt governed from
about 3100-2700 B.C.E. Unified the Nile Valley.
Under centralized government, the economy was
carefully planned and agriculture was efficient.
Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+
UPDATE 2025|2026!!
Save
Terms in this set (189)
The Fertile Crescent An area of river valleys in the Near East where
conditions are optimum for crop production.
The Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) The age in which humans lived as nomads in
small communities, hunting and gathering fruits
for food and using fire and crude stone
implements.
The Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) The age in which stone tools were refined,
animals were domesticated, and agriculture was
developed as people transitioned from a
nomadic to a more settled way of life.
The Bronze Age The age in which cities were developed, and
tools were increasingly made out of metal alloys
rather than stone. Irrigation and writing began to
be developed during this time.
Sumer (Mesopotamia) The area within the Tigris-Euphrates river valley.
,Akkadians A semi-nomadic people, who spoke a Semitic
language. Migrated from the deserts west of
Mesopotamia and settled in the Tigris-Euphrates
valley during the 4th millennium B.C.E.
King Sargon An Akkadian king (2371-2316 B.C.E., approximate)
who led the Akkadians in conquering Sumerian
city-states. Established an empire that unified
Mesopotamia and reached beyond it into the
Iranian plateau and as far west as Lebanon. His
dynasty ruled Akkad and Sumer for about 200
years.
The Third Dynasty of Ur Around 2100 B.C.E., the Sumerian city of Ur rose
up in revolt against the Akkadian rule. The
attained control of Mesopotamia and ruled for
about 100 years.
Amorites Re-unified Mesopotamia, and established their
capital at Babylon, on the Euphrates. The
Amorites (Old Babylonian Dynasty) ruled for
about 300 years, from around 1900-1600 B.C.E.
Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E., approximate) The greatest king
of the Old Babylonian Dynasty. Famous for his
law code. Claimed to be a representative of the
gods.
Hammurabi's Code A law code that attempted to stabilize the
hierarchical society. Presented like a pyramid: the
slaves at the bottom, freemen such as peasants
and merchants next, warrior aristocracy and
priesthood, and the king at the top. Known for,
"An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." Dealt
with legislation regarding the family, ownership of
land, and commercial transactions.
, Hittites From Anatolia (Asia Minor). Attacked the Old
Babylonian Empire around 1600 B.C.E. and
plundered them.
Kassites From the region that is now Iran. Attacked the
Old Babylonian Empire around 1600 B.C.E. and
established themselves as rulers for 300 years.
Hurrians Established the kingdom of Mitanni in the upper
Tigris-Euphrates valley around 1500 B.C.E. which
lasted for 100 years, until they were conquered
by the Hittites.
Cuneiform The earliest form of writing, made by wedge-
shaped marks impressed on clay tables using a
stylus. Initially pictographs (representing objects),
but later included ideograms (representing
ideas). Began around 3000 B.C.E.
Ziggurats Multi-level, pyramid-like constructions by the
people of Mesopotamia. Demonstrate practical
engineering skills.
Gilgamesh A Sumerian epic poem inscribed around 2000
B.C.E. on twelve cuneiform tablets. Describes the
quest of the hero Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, in
search of immortality. Includes an account of a
great flood.
Enuma Elish A Sumerian epic poem describing the story of
creation.
The Egyptian Archaic Period The first two dynasties of Egypt governed from
about 3100-2700 B.C.E. Unified the Nile Valley.
Under centralized government, the economy was
carefully planned and agriculture was efficient.
