BSC 1005 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the purpose of mitosis in unicellular organisms? - Answers - Reproduce
What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms? - Answers - Growth, cell
replacement, build tissues and organs during development and repair damaged tissue.
What is interphase? - Answers - The resting phase between successive mitotic divisions
of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
What occurs during Mitosis? How many cells are produced, and whether they are
genetically different and identical to each other? - Answers - Mitosis produces 2
daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cells.
What occurs during cytokinesis? - Answers - The cytoplasm divides, distributing the
organelles into each of the 2 new cells.
How is cytokinesis in plants different from cytokinesis - Answers - Plant cells have a cell
plate that forms halfway between the divided nuclei
What is the purpose of meiosis in multicellular organisms? - Answers - So that the
chromosome number can be retained, and each organism does not have double the
amount of chromosomes as its parents.
Describe the life cycle of humans. - Answers - In summary, the human life cycle has six
main stages: fetus, baby, child, adolescent, adult and elderly. Although we describe the
human life cycle in stages, people continually and gradually change from day to day
throughout all of these stages.
What are diploid (2n) cells? - Answers - Each human has two copies of chromosomes in
the nucleus of their cells
What are haploid (n) cells? - Answers - the presence of a single set of chromosomes in
an organism's cells
What are homologous chromosomes? - Answers - chromosome pairs, one from each
parent, that are similar in length, gene position and centromere location
What are alleles? - Answers - an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that
is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.
What is the purpose of meiosis - Answers - to produce gametes, the sperm and eggs,
with half of the genetic complement of the parent cells.
, What are the sources of diversity sexual reproduction? (Describe 3 sources) - Answers -
Crossing over (in prophase I) Random assortment of chromosomes (in metaphase I)
Random fusion of gametes from different parents.
At the end of meiosis I, daughter cells are haploid or diploid? - Answers - Haploid.
How is meiosis different from mitosis? - Answers - Mitosis is a process where a single
cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division). facts What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing
half the original amount of genetic information.
Genetics - Answers - the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
What are homologous chromosomes? - Answers - The chromosomal pair which
contains the maternal as well as the paternal chromatid of the same length and gene
position, and are joined by the centromere is referred to as a homologous chromosome.
What are alleles? - Answers - one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise
by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
What is phenotype? - Answers - the set of observable characteristics of an individual
resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
What is genotype? - Answers - An individual's genotype is the combination of alleles
that they possess for a specific gene.
Can you use genotype to predict phenotype? Can you use phenotype to predict
genotype? - Answers - An individual's genotype is the combination of alleles that they
possess for a specific gene. An individual's phenotype is the combination of their
observable characteristics or traits. While an organism's genotype is directly inherited
from its parents, phenotype is merely influenced by genotype.
What is a Punnett Square? What is it used for? - Answers - A Punnett Square is a
helpful tool that helps to predict the variations and probabilities that can come from
cross breeding. This includes predicting crossing plants, animals, even humans with
each other.
What is a pedigree? What is it used for? - Answers - A pedigree shows relationships
between family members and indicates which individuals have certain genetic
pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases within a family as well as vital status. A
pedigree can be used to determine disease inheritance patterns within a family.
What is DNA composed of? - Answers - The information in DNA is stored as a code
made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine
(T).
What is the purpose of mitosis in unicellular organisms? - Answers - Reproduce
What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms? - Answers - Growth, cell
replacement, build tissues and organs during development and repair damaged tissue.
What is interphase? - Answers - The resting phase between successive mitotic divisions
of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
What occurs during Mitosis? How many cells are produced, and whether they are
genetically different and identical to each other? - Answers - Mitosis produces 2
daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cells.
What occurs during cytokinesis? - Answers - The cytoplasm divides, distributing the
organelles into each of the 2 new cells.
How is cytokinesis in plants different from cytokinesis - Answers - Plant cells have a cell
plate that forms halfway between the divided nuclei
What is the purpose of meiosis in multicellular organisms? - Answers - So that the
chromosome number can be retained, and each organism does not have double the
amount of chromosomes as its parents.
Describe the life cycle of humans. - Answers - In summary, the human life cycle has six
main stages: fetus, baby, child, adolescent, adult and elderly. Although we describe the
human life cycle in stages, people continually and gradually change from day to day
throughout all of these stages.
What are diploid (2n) cells? - Answers - Each human has two copies of chromosomes in
the nucleus of their cells
What are haploid (n) cells? - Answers - the presence of a single set of chromosomes in
an organism's cells
What are homologous chromosomes? - Answers - chromosome pairs, one from each
parent, that are similar in length, gene position and centromere location
What are alleles? - Answers - an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that
is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.
What is the purpose of meiosis - Answers - to produce gametes, the sperm and eggs,
with half of the genetic complement of the parent cells.
, What are the sources of diversity sexual reproduction? (Describe 3 sources) - Answers -
Crossing over (in prophase I) Random assortment of chromosomes (in metaphase I)
Random fusion of gametes from different parents.
At the end of meiosis I, daughter cells are haploid or diploid? - Answers - Haploid.
How is meiosis different from mitosis? - Answers - Mitosis is a process where a single
cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division). facts What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing
half the original amount of genetic information.
Genetics - Answers - the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
What are homologous chromosomes? - Answers - The chromosomal pair which
contains the maternal as well as the paternal chromatid of the same length and gene
position, and are joined by the centromere is referred to as a homologous chromosome.
What are alleles? - Answers - one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise
by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
What is phenotype? - Answers - the set of observable characteristics of an individual
resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
What is genotype? - Answers - An individual's genotype is the combination of alleles
that they possess for a specific gene.
Can you use genotype to predict phenotype? Can you use phenotype to predict
genotype? - Answers - An individual's genotype is the combination of alleles that they
possess for a specific gene. An individual's phenotype is the combination of their
observable characteristics or traits. While an organism's genotype is directly inherited
from its parents, phenotype is merely influenced by genotype.
What is a Punnett Square? What is it used for? - Answers - A Punnett Square is a
helpful tool that helps to predict the variations and probabilities that can come from
cross breeding. This includes predicting crossing plants, animals, even humans with
each other.
What is a pedigree? What is it used for? - Answers - A pedigree shows relationships
between family members and indicates which individuals have certain genetic
pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases within a family as well as vital status. A
pedigree can be used to determine disease inheritance patterns within a family.
What is DNA composed of? - Answers - The information in DNA is stored as a code
made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine
(T).
