BSC 1005 - EXAM 1 (CH.1-3) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Scientists believe that the first prokaryoktes arose _______ years ago, and the first
eukaryotes arose _____ years later. - Answers - *3.5 billion
*1.7 bilion
If life on Mars is fundamentally like life on Earth, then it's macro-molecules will be based
on which element? - Answers - Carbon
Mitochondria cover food energy into high-energy molecule that is directly usable by the
cell _____. - Answers - ATP.
Enzymes are ______. - Answers - Proteins
Assume that a plant is suffering from a drought and is starting to wilt. Which cell
component is most likely being affected? - Answers - Vacuole
What are features of all living things? - Answers - *Growth
*Homeostasis
*Metabolism
Which organelle is represented by a network of membranes involved in the production
of proteins? - Answers - Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the pH balance of a neutral solution? - Answers - 7
What is the pH when it is greater than 7? - Answers - Basic
What is the pH when it is lower than 7? - Answers - Acidic
What are reasons we need water? - Answers - *It delivers nutrients to body cells.
*It carries waste products of digestion
*It maintains blood pressure.
Describe the role of nutrients in the body. - Answers - Nutrients provide the structural
units and energy for cells.
What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? - Answers -
Unsaturated fats contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats do not.
Nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities are called ______. - Answers
- Macronutrients
Excess carbohydrates are stored in humans as ______. - Answers - Glycogen in the
muscles and liver.
, What do vitamins in the human body do? - Answers - Help enzymes function properly.
To lose one pound in a week, what do you need to do? - Answers - Reduce caloric
intake by 200 calories per day & increase exercise to burn off 300 more calories per
day.
How many liters are water does an adult need per day? - Answers - 3 liters
Starch - Answers - Complex carbohydrate from plants
Glycogen - Answers - Complex carbohydrate from animals
In a carbohydrate, what sugars are there and what do they do? - Answers - *Simple
sugar (glucose)- enter he system
*Complex carbohydrate (branching chains of simple sugars) are digested more slowly
What is the difference between processed food and whole foods? - Answers -
Processed food has been stripped of nutritional value while whole foods nutritional
value remains in tact.
What is fiber and how does it help the human body? - Answers - It is essential for large
intestine function and lowers cholesterol, as well as reducing the risk of cancer.
Essential amino acids - Answers - We must obtain them from food as our bodies cannot
make them
Complete proteins - Answers - Contains all the essential amino acid we need (plant
protein can be combined to make them complete)
What are some essential fatty acids? - Answers - Omega-3 / Omega- 6
What do fats consist of? - Answers - Glycerol attached to fatty acid tails
What do fats do? - Answers - *Store energy molecules
*Act as a cushion and insulator
Polyunsaturated fats - Answers - Many double bonds preventing it from tightly packing
Hydrogenation - Answers - Process that adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fats to
make it solid
Trans Fats - Answers - Produced by incomplete hydrogenation
Scientists believe that the first prokaryoktes arose _______ years ago, and the first
eukaryotes arose _____ years later. - Answers - *3.5 billion
*1.7 bilion
If life on Mars is fundamentally like life on Earth, then it's macro-molecules will be based
on which element? - Answers - Carbon
Mitochondria cover food energy into high-energy molecule that is directly usable by the
cell _____. - Answers - ATP.
Enzymes are ______. - Answers - Proteins
Assume that a plant is suffering from a drought and is starting to wilt. Which cell
component is most likely being affected? - Answers - Vacuole
What are features of all living things? - Answers - *Growth
*Homeostasis
*Metabolism
Which organelle is represented by a network of membranes involved in the production
of proteins? - Answers - Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the pH balance of a neutral solution? - Answers - 7
What is the pH when it is greater than 7? - Answers - Basic
What is the pH when it is lower than 7? - Answers - Acidic
What are reasons we need water? - Answers - *It delivers nutrients to body cells.
*It carries waste products of digestion
*It maintains blood pressure.
Describe the role of nutrients in the body. - Answers - Nutrients provide the structural
units and energy for cells.
What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? - Answers -
Unsaturated fats contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats do not.
Nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities are called ______. - Answers
- Macronutrients
Excess carbohydrates are stored in humans as ______. - Answers - Glycogen in the
muscles and liver.
, What do vitamins in the human body do? - Answers - Help enzymes function properly.
To lose one pound in a week, what do you need to do? - Answers - Reduce caloric
intake by 200 calories per day & increase exercise to burn off 300 more calories per
day.
How many liters are water does an adult need per day? - Answers - 3 liters
Starch - Answers - Complex carbohydrate from plants
Glycogen - Answers - Complex carbohydrate from animals
In a carbohydrate, what sugars are there and what do they do? - Answers - *Simple
sugar (glucose)- enter he system
*Complex carbohydrate (branching chains of simple sugars) are digested more slowly
What is the difference between processed food and whole foods? - Answers -
Processed food has been stripped of nutritional value while whole foods nutritional
value remains in tact.
What is fiber and how does it help the human body? - Answers - It is essential for large
intestine function and lowers cholesterol, as well as reducing the risk of cancer.
Essential amino acids - Answers - We must obtain them from food as our bodies cannot
make them
Complete proteins - Answers - Contains all the essential amino acid we need (plant
protein can be combined to make them complete)
What are some essential fatty acids? - Answers - Omega-3 / Omega- 6
What do fats consist of? - Answers - Glycerol attached to fatty acid tails
What do fats do? - Answers - *Store energy molecules
*Act as a cushion and insulator
Polyunsaturated fats - Answers - Many double bonds preventing it from tightly packing
Hydrogenation - Answers - Process that adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fats to
make it solid
Trans Fats - Answers - Produced by incomplete hydrogenation
