BIOL251: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I W/LAB
MODULE 4 EXAM REVIEW 2025–2026 – HIGH-YIELD Q&A
SUMMARY WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | A+ STUDY GUIDE
& EXAM PREP
Module 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology and Homeostasis
Question 1. Which is NOT one of the four primary tissues?
A. Muscle
B. Epithelial
C. Connective
D. Metabolic
Rationale: The four main tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
Question 2. Functional unit of the nervous system:
A. Axon
B. Neuron
C. Synapse
D. Ganglion
Rationale: Neurons conduct electrical signals throughout the body.
Question 3. Which ion triggers muscle contraction?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
,D. Chloride
Rationale: Calcium binds troponin enabling actin‑myosin interaction.
Question 4. Which structure regulates movement of substances in and
out of the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Cell membrane
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Ribosome
Rationale: The cell membrane is selectively permeable and controls entry and
exit of substances.
Question 5. Which organelle produces most ATP?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Centrosome
D. Peroxisome
Rationale: Mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration to generate ATP.
Question 6. Cells responsible for bone resorption are:
A. Osteoblasts
B. Osteocytes
C. Osteoclasts
D. Chondrocytes
Rationale: Osteoclasts break down bone matrix during remodeling.
, Question 7. Osmosis refers to movement of:
A. Solutes across membrane
B. Water across semipermeable membrane
C. Proteins through channels
D. Ions via pumps
Rationale: Osmosis is passive diffusion of water across a semipermeable
membrane.
Question 8. What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
A. Contraction and movement
B. Communication and signal transmission
C. Lining and protection of surfaces
D. Support and connection of other tissues
Rationale: Nervous tissue is specialized to generate and conduct electrical
impulses (action potentials) throughout the body.
Question 9. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of which tissue?
A. Dermis
B. Epidermis
C. Hypodermis
D. Endodermis
Rationale: The stratum basale is the innermost layer of the epidermis,
responsible for generating new skin cells.
Question 10. Which type of gland releases its secretions directly into the
bloodstream?
A. Exocrine gland
B. Apocrine gland
MODULE 4 EXAM REVIEW 2025–2026 – HIGH-YIELD Q&A
SUMMARY WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | A+ STUDY GUIDE
& EXAM PREP
Module 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology and Homeostasis
Question 1. Which is NOT one of the four primary tissues?
A. Muscle
B. Epithelial
C. Connective
D. Metabolic
Rationale: The four main tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
Question 2. Functional unit of the nervous system:
A. Axon
B. Neuron
C. Synapse
D. Ganglion
Rationale: Neurons conduct electrical signals throughout the body.
Question 3. Which ion triggers muscle contraction?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
,D. Chloride
Rationale: Calcium binds troponin enabling actin‑myosin interaction.
Question 4. Which structure regulates movement of substances in and
out of the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Cell membrane
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Ribosome
Rationale: The cell membrane is selectively permeable and controls entry and
exit of substances.
Question 5. Which organelle produces most ATP?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Centrosome
D. Peroxisome
Rationale: Mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration to generate ATP.
Question 6. Cells responsible for bone resorption are:
A. Osteoblasts
B. Osteocytes
C. Osteoclasts
D. Chondrocytes
Rationale: Osteoclasts break down bone matrix during remodeling.
, Question 7. Osmosis refers to movement of:
A. Solutes across membrane
B. Water across semipermeable membrane
C. Proteins through channels
D. Ions via pumps
Rationale: Osmosis is passive diffusion of water across a semipermeable
membrane.
Question 8. What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
A. Contraction and movement
B. Communication and signal transmission
C. Lining and protection of surfaces
D. Support and connection of other tissues
Rationale: Nervous tissue is specialized to generate and conduct electrical
impulses (action potentials) throughout the body.
Question 9. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of which tissue?
A. Dermis
B. Epidermis
C. Hypodermis
D. Endodermis
Rationale: The stratum basale is the innermost layer of the epidermis,
responsible for generating new skin cells.
Question 10. Which type of gland releases its secretions directly into the
bloodstream?
A. Exocrine gland
B. Apocrine gland
