NURS 180 / NURS180 Week 1 Quiz V2 (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Pharmacology | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A | WCU

NURS 180 / NURS180 Week 1 Quiz V2 (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Pharmacology | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A | WCU Q: Phase 1 clinical trial indicates? Answer done to find the highest dose of the new treatment that can be given safely without causing severe side effects Q: 1. Drugs may elicit different responses depending on individual client factors. List these factors? Answer •Age •Sex •Body mass •Health status •Genetics Q: 2. Physician has prescribed a brand name drug for the client. The client tells the nurse that the medication is too expensive. What is the best plan by the nurse? Answer have the dr prescribe the generic version Q: 3. The nurse is teaching a class for clients about over-the-counter (OTC) medications. How does the nurse determine that education has been effective? Answer Read all labels carefully and call physician if there is any questions Advantages: •No health care provider appointment required •Often less expensive than prescription drugs •Patients may treat themselves safely if they carefully follow directions on the label and call MD if instructions are not clear. Disadvantages: •Patient may choose wrong drug. •Patient may not know reactions or interactions. •Ineffective treatment may result in progression of disease. Q: 4. Define pharmacotherapeutics? Answer the application of drugs for the purpose of treating disease and the treatment of suffering. Q: 5. List examples of complement therapy? Answer •Natural plant extracts, herbs, vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements •Acupuncture, hypnosis, biofeedback, massage, therapeutic touch Q: 6. Describe the term therapeutic? Answer relating to the healing of disease Q: 7. Describe the prototype drug approach? Answer •Is well understood •Has known action and adverse effects •Is used to compare other drugs in the same pharmacologic class •May not be the most widely used drug in its class •Disagreements may exist over which drug should serve as prototype drug. Q: 8. Describe mechanism of action? Answer how a drug produces an effect within the body. Q: 9. List examples of medication trade names? Answer proprietary or brand names - written in upper case letters Example: Tylenol Benadryl Aleve Advil, Motrin Q: 10. How does a laboratory become a FDA laboratory? Q: 11. Describe clinical investigation? Answer •Takes place in three different stages termed clinical phase trials •Longest part of approval process •Evaluates human benefits •Tests on healthy humans first, then on those with the target ailment Q: 12. Define controlled substances? Answer •Are restricted by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 •Are frequently abused •Have a high potential for addiction or dependence •Have restricted use •Are placed into one of five schedules •Drugs that have a high potential for addiction are considered controlled substances. Q: 13. What are scheduled 2 medications? Answer •May be dispersed only in cases where therapeutic value has been determined •Drugs, substances, or chemicals defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. •Dilaudid, methadone, meperidine, morphine, fentanyl (cocaine also schedule II),Ritalin... Q: 14. What is the preclinical investigation for medication testing? Answer •Involves laboratory research •Tests done on cells and animals •Determines drug-dose range •Examines adverse effects •Results considered inconclusive Median Lethal dose (L50) Q: 15. List the names of drugs that have the highest potential for addiction? Answer Controlled substances are drugs Heroin lysergic acid diethylamide marijauna peyote methaqualone 3,4-methylphenidate (ecstasy) Q: 16. Describe physical dependence to medication? Answer •The presence of physical withdrawal symptoms (muscle tremors) is seen when a person is physically dependent on a drug and the drug is removed. Q: 17. List the 5 rights of medication administration? Answer •Right patient •Right medication •Right dose •Right route of administration •Right time of delivery Q: 18. What are the important points to medication administration that ensure patient safety? Answer Verify orders before drug administration. Know how to prepare and administer drug safely •Before drug is administered, the nurse must know all variables of the patient's condition. •Be prepared to recognize and react to adverse effects Q: 19. What does the nurse do if the wrong medication is ordered for N/G tube administration? Answer •If a medication error does occur the nurse must first assess the patient, then report error to the physician and lastly document the error in an incident report. Q: 20. How many mls are in 2 tsps.? Answer 10ml Q: 21. What are the effects of medication on patients that are malnourished? Answer may alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses, resulting in toxicity. 22. 1 tsp = how many mls? Answer 5 23. Why are medications with the highest therapeutic index the safest medications? Answer there is a large therapeutic window between the effective concentration and the toxic concentration of a medication, so the drug is relatively safe. 24. What labs are important to assess for medication administration to older patients? Answer Kidney and liver function tests 25. What action does the nurse take when administering a medication in the morning that should be administered at night? Answer Notify PCP right away 27. What organ is responsible for biotransformation of a drug? Liver 28. What action occurs with the initial transformation of a drug? metabolism 29. Describe the pharmacological classification of a drug? •Based on the drug's mechanism of action, or how the drug produces its effect •At molecular, tissue, or body-system level •More specific than therapeutic classification •Diuretic, Vasodilator dependent variable outcome, such as clinical effect independent variable treatment, such as with a drug placebo pharmacologically inert substance; or the same drug with a different dose, route, or frequency of administration. experimental group drug trials is the group that receives the drug being tested control group drug trials may receive no drug; a different drug; a placebo During a medication review session, a patient states, "I do not know why I am taking all of these pills." Based on this piece of subjective data, which problem will the nurse identify? knowledge The nurse is developing goals in collaboration with a patient. Which is the best goal statement? The patient will independently self-administer the prescribed dose of albuterol by the end of the second teaching session. When developing an effective medication teaching plan, which component will the nurse identify as most essential? The patient's readiness to learn When developing an individualized medication teaching plan, which topics will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) Adherence to the prescribed drug regimen Always use the prescribed drug route Know adverse side effects to report to doctor Tell the doctor when taking over-the-counter (OTC) supplements The Nursing Alliance for Quality Care's focus is for health care providers to strive for which goal? Development of a patient relationship/family engagement Which teaching strategy is most likely to succeed in health teaching with the patient and family? A repeat demonstration should follow the nurse's teaching. Prioritize the steps of the nursing process. Concept Assessment Problem (diagnosis) Planning Implement Evaluation The nurse in the clinical research setting is knowledgeable about ethical principles and protection of human subjects. What principle is demonstrated by ensuring the patient's right to self- determination? Respect for persons The research nurse is meeting with a patient and determines, based on the assessment, that the patient meets inclusion criteria for clinical research. The patient agrees to participate in the clinical trial. The nurse advises the patient that which member of the health care team has the responsibility to explain the study and respond to questions? Health care provider The clinical research nurse knows that only a small proportion of drugs survive the research and development process. An appreciation of the process and associated costs grows when the nurse is aware that approximately one in how many potential drugs is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration? 10,000 The nurse is interviewing a patient in a Phase I clinical trial. Which patient statement indicates an understanding of this trial phase? I am doing this to be sure this drug is safe. The foundation of clinical trials, Good Clinical Practice, is a helpful resource for nurses. The nurse is correct in choosing Good Clinical Practice as a reference for standards in which areas? (Select all that apply.) Design Monitoring and auditing Analyses Reporting The nurse researcher reviews the proposed informed consent form for a future clinical trial. The nurse expects to find which in the document? (Select all that apply.) Description of benefits and risks Identification of related drugs, treatments, and techniques Statement of compensation for participants, if any Description of serious risks The nurse knows that the patient should be informed about the risks and benefits related to clinical research. What ethical principle does this describe? Beneficence The nurse is reviewing a patient's list of medications and notes that several have the highest abuse potential. According to US standards, the highest potential for abuse of drugs with accepted medical uses is found in drugs included in which schedule? II The nurse is reviewing the drug-approval process in the United States and learns that the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 contains which provisions? (Select all that apply.) Review of new drugs is accelerated. Drug companies must provide information on off- label use of drugs. Drug companies must offer advanced notice of plans to discontinue drugs. The patient has questions about counterfeit drugs. Which factors alert the patient or nurse that a drug is counterfeit or adulterated? (Select all that apply.) Variations in packaging Unexpected side effects Different taste . The nurse knows the importance of administering the right medication to the patient and that drugs have many names. It is therefore most important that drugs be ordered by which name? Generic What provisions from the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 were designed to remedy drug abuse? The act established treatment and rehabilitation facilities. Which components of pharmacokinetics does the nurse need to understand before administering a drug? (Select all that apply.) Patients with kidney disease may have fewer protein- binding sites and are at risk for drug toxicity. When the drug metabolism rate is decreased, excess drug accumulation can occur, which can cause toxicity. The nurse will question the health care provider if a drug with a half-life ( t 1⁄2) of more than 24 hours is ordered to be given more than how often? Once daily The nurse is explaining drug action to a nursing student. Which statement made by the nurse is correct? A drug not bound to protein is an active drug A Native American patient is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is prescribed the antidiabetic drug metformin 500 mg by mouth with morning and evening meals. Which statement best indicates to the nurse that the patient will adhere to the therapeutic regimen? I will no longer put sugar on my cereal because that will help me be healthier. The nurse is aware that the rate of absorption can be changed by which actions? (Select all that apply.) Modifying gastric emptying time Changing gastric pH Forming drug complexes The nurse is meeting with a community group about medication safety. The nurse must emphasize that patients at high risk for drug interactions include which groups? (Select all that apply.) Older patients Patients with chronic health conditions Patients taking three or more drugs The nurse recognizes that when a patient takes a hepatic enzyme inducer, the dose of warfarin is usually modified in which way? It is increased. The nurse is describing to a patient the synergistic effects of two of his medications. Which statement by the nurse is correct about synergistic drug effects? A greater effect is achieved when two drugs are combined A patient asks the nurse about drug interactions with over-the-counter preparations. What is the nurse's best response? Read the labels carefully, and check with your health care provider. Codeine is an example of a(n) _______________ as the cytochrome P450 system metabolizes the drug to facilitate receptor affinity. prodrug What class of drug is clopidogrel? inhibitor of platelet aggregation Patients with HIV should receive genetic testing for the allele HLA-B∗5701 before being treated with: abacavir What are the clinical applications of pharmacogenetics? (Select all that apply.) Improve quality outcomes Customize patient plans of care Decrease adverse effects of drug therapy Reduce cost Decrease treatment failures Pharmacogenetic testing is appropriate for everyone. false Personalized medicine takes into account the patient's pharmacogenetic profile lifestyle choices environmental factors What provisions of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 are most important for the nurse to know related to patient health teaching? (Select all that apply.) Clarified marketing regulations Reclassified herbs as dietary supplements Stated that herbal products can be marketed with suggested dosages The nurse discovers that a patient has recently decided to take four herbal preparations. Which action will the nurse take first? Instruct the patient to inform the health care provider of all products taken. Labeling of herbal products is important. Which is an appropriate claim for an herbal product? Helps increase blood flow to the extremities The nurse is reviewing a patient's current medications. Which herbal products interfere with the action of anticoagulants? (Select all that apply.) Garlic Ginkgo A patient being seen at a cardiovascular clinic mentions he takes garlic, which is reported to decrease cholesterol, blood pressure, and heart disease. Which patient statement indicates a need for further teaching? (Select all that apply.) I can just take garlic for my heart problems. Garlic is very effective in preventing depression. A 4-year-old patient is discharged on an oral liquid drug suspension of 4 mL per dose. Which device will the nurse recommend to ensure the highest level of accuracy in home administration of the drug? Oral syringe The nurse understands the differences between drug excretion in children and that in adults. With this knowledge, what does the nurse consider when administering drugs to children? The most important assessment is to evaluate for drug accumulation, because the excretion of drugs is slower in children. A parent is learning to administer drug to a school-age child. Which strategy will the nurse teach the parent to achieve cooperation in a child of this age? Providing age-appropriate explanations A nurse caring for a child with developmental delay prepares to teach the patient about prescribed drugs. Which actions are essential to ensure patient safety? (Select all that apply.) Assess the child's developmental age. Consider the actions and uses of the drug. Involve the family in teaching sessions. The Principle of Atraumatic Care includes: (Select all that apply.) Pain management Collaborative care with family members Which of the following strategies are helpful when working with adolescent patients to promote adherence? (Select all that apply.) Allow flexibility in the treatment plan. Set up a mutually developed drug contract. A patient has nine drugs prescribed to take daily. Which are common reasons for nonadherence to the drug regimen in an older adult? (Select all that apply.) Taking multiple drugs at one time Impaired memory Decreased dexterity The nurse is reviewing a patient's list of drugs. The nurse understands that the older adult's slower absorption of oral drugs is primarily because of which phenomenon? Decreased gastric blood flow The older adult patient has questions about oral drug metabolism. Information on what subject is most important to include in this patient's teaching plan? First-pass effect An older patient has just started on hydrochlorothiazide and is advised by the health care provider to eat foods rich in potassium. What is the nurse's best recommendation of foods to consume? Avocados and mushrooms The nurse is developing teaching materials for an 82-year-old African American man with macular degeneration, who is being discharged on two new drugs. Which strategies would be best to use to impart the information? (Select all that apply.) Limit distractions in the room when teaching. Augment teaching with audio material. Use large, dark print on a light background for written material. What changes with aging alter drug distribution? (Select all that apply.) A decrease in muscle mass and an increase in fat A decrease in serum albumin levels A decrease in kidney mass What factors contribute to polypharmacy in older adults? (Select all that apply.) Multiple health care providers Multiple chronic diseases What is the best measure for the nurse to use to determine a patient's kidney function? Estimated glomerular filtration rate When caring for a patient recovering from an episode of opioid toxicity, the nurse determines that the patient has opioid use disorder based on which finding? Craving that results in drug-seeking behaviors A patient hospitalized with a fractured femur after an automobile accident develops nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, and restlessness. The nurse suspects that the patient is experiencing which reaction? Opioid withdrawal Which treatments will the nurse anticipate administering to a patient who has been admitted with alcohol toxicity? (Select all that apply.) Thiaminec. Intravenous fluid Intravenous glucose solution The nurse observes another nurse taking oral opioids from the medication room at the hospital. Which is the best action for the nurse who observes drug diversion to take? Report the finding to the nursing supervisor to enable the nurse's participation in a nondisciplinary program. A patient is to start disulfiram to help with alcohol use disorder. The nurse providing medication education about the drug will include which topics in the education plan? (Select all that apply.) Importance of taking the medication every day That better results are experienced when a support group helps with treatment adherence Common food and hygiene products that contain alcohol That disulfiram works by disrupting the metabolism of alcohol That use of alcohol with disulfiram may cause nausea and vomiting and may even be fatal The patient asks the nurse how to dispose of old medications. What should the nurse tell the patient? (Select all that apply.) Mix old drugs with cat litter before disposing. Remove personal information from the bole. The nurse educator on the unit receives a list of high- alert drugs. Which strategy is recommended to decrease the risk of errors? (Select all that apply.) Limit access to high-alert drugs. Use special labels for high-alert drugs. Provide increased training to staff. Standardize the ordering and preparation. The Joint Commission recommends which of the following abbreviations for the "Do Not Use" list? qd A patient refuses to take the prescribed medication. Which is the nurse's best response to this patient? Explain the benefits and side effects of the drug. What information is essential for the nurse to document when giving drugs? (Select all that apply.) Document the correct site of an injectable drug Document the patient's response to the drug Document the blood pressure before giving a drug. Document the date, time, and dose drug is given. The nurse prepares to administer medications. Which drug orders are complete? (Select all that apply.) Aspirin 81 mg PO daily Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO tid The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses' focus on safety is best exemplified by which competency? Collaborative patient and family care The nurse is administering oral medications to a patient. Which are important considerations? (Select all that apply.) Always administer gastrointestinal (GI)-irritating drugs with food. Avoid mixing medications into infant formula. Stop oral medications for nausea and vomiting. The clinic nurse is preparing to administer an intradermal injection. Which needle and gauge are most appropriate for this procedure? 1⁄4 to 1⁄2 inch needle, tuberculin syringe The nurse is administering an intramuscular injection to a 5-year- old child. Choose the correct site the nurse will use. Ventrogluteal The nurse administers a variety of drugs to a patient. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? "I mix the drugs in my dessert and hope I am not too full to finish." The nurse is teaching a patient to use an inhaler. What common teaching point is essential for the nurse to include? The semi-Fowler or high Fowler position is recommended. A 3-year-old patient has an intramuscular medication ordered. What is the most appropriate approach to gain the child's cooperation? Have the child give a pretend injection to a toy animal. As the nurse prepares to administer oral medications, which nursing intervention is of "most importance" to ensure the patient's safety? Perform an assessment on the patient for risk of aspiration. A patient is to start on a lidocaine transdermal patch. What is essential for the nurse to include in the patient's teaching? (Select all that apply.) Wear gloves when applying the patch. Wear gloves when removing the patch. Rotate placement of patch to different sites. Preclinical Investigation •Involves laboratory research •Tests done on cells and animals •Determines drug-dose range •Examines adverse effects •Results considered inconclusive Preclinical Phase 1 Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects. Preclinical phase 2 The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety. Preclinical phase 3 The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it with commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely preclinical phase 4 Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effects in various populations and to assess any side effects associated with long- term use.