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ATI Pharmacology TEST FINAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM
20262027 BANK 2 VERSIONS QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL COME
FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADED
XR extended release; EC Enteric Coated; Sublingual - ANSWERS--DO
NOT CRUSH THESE MEDICATIONS
ANTIBIOTICS - ANSWERS--1. MAKES SURE THEY TAKE THE FULL COURSE
2. BEFORE THEY GET PRESCRIBED MEDS, GET A CULTURE
PHARMACOKINETICS: - ANSWERS--The process by which drugs are
absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Absorption - ANSWERS--How quickly or how well the body absorbs a
medication depends on the route of medication.
1. Oral meds are slower because it has to go through the GI tract.
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2. Oral meds absorption are dependent on factors, such as, if there is
food in the stomach, what is the pH of the patient's gastric contents.
Those things will also effect absorption.
3. If you give a patient a liquid form of medication, that will be
absorbed more quickly vs if you gave them an extended-release capsule
Sublingual - ANSWERS--1. Absorbed very quickly
2. You would place the med under the tongue (sub- under; lingual-
tongue).
3. The mucosa under the tongue is highly vascularize, so the medication
is very quickly absorbed into the body.
4. IMPORTANT: The patient should not eat or drink anything, until that
medication has dissolve completely.
Inhalation - ANSWERS--1. Absorption is very quick.
2. Inhale the medication and it travels down to the alveoli and is quickly
absorbed into the blood stream.
Intradermal or Topical - ANSWERS--1. Absorption is much slower,
steady, throughout the day.
2. Eg, lidocaine patch is placed on the back for back pain, and it will stay
on there all day. We want a slow steady release of medication to help
with the back pain.
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Subcutaneous Or Intramuscular Injections - ANSWERS--1. Depends of
the solubility of the medication and the blood profusion at the site of
injection.
Intravenous - ANSWERS--1. Absorption happens immediately, it goes
directly into the bloodstream and is directly absorbed.
DISTRIBUTION - ANSWERS--1. Medication travels to the site of action.
2. The medication needs binding proteins in order to be distributed to
travel to these sites of action.
3. Albumin is a common binding protein for distribution.
4. If a patient's levels of albumin are low, this would negatively impact
their ability to have that med be distributed effectively
METABOLISM - ANSWERS--1. Medication is broken down to a lesser
active or inactivated form in the body by enzymes.
2. Primarily happens in the LIVER, but the bowels, lungs, and kidneys
can also be involved in metabolism.
3. When we are babies, our organs are not mature yet so metabolism is
not as effected, so there is a higher risk of toxicity with infants because
the metabolism is not mature yet.
4. As we get older, we often start to have problems with our liver and
kidneys. So as we are older, we are at higher risk for toxicity due to
impaired metabolism.
, 4|Page
First Pass Effect - ANSWERS--The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches
systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
1. Some oral medications are inactivated through their 1st pass
(through their liver), so you may need to give a higher does of the
medication in order for the therapeutic effect to be felt.
EXCRETION - ANSWERS--1. Primarily happens in the kidneys. So if their
is kidney impairment, then the med will not be excreted out as
effectively.
Minimum Effective Concentration of Drugs (MEC) & Therapeutic Index -
ANSWERS--1. When we're talking about dosing a medication, we want
to achieve a serum or blood level of the medication that is above the
MEC, above the minimum effective concentration. But we want to be
below of where the drug becomes toxic to the patient. You don't want
to go above the toxic concentration.
2. Certain medications have a high therapeutic index, which means
there is a huge range between the MEC and the toxic dose.
3. However, there are medications that have a low therapeutic index,
which means there is a very narrow range that the patient has to stay
between. That range is narrow. Eg. Vancomycin, there is a low
therapeutic index. This means there is very small range and we have to
hit that. So, The blood levels will be drawn to understand their
vancomycin trough levels, as well as their peak levels, to make sure it is
within range.
ATI Pharmacology TEST FINAL EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM
20262027 BANK 2 VERSIONS QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL COME
FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADED
XR extended release; EC Enteric Coated; Sublingual - ANSWERS--DO
NOT CRUSH THESE MEDICATIONS
ANTIBIOTICS - ANSWERS--1. MAKES SURE THEY TAKE THE FULL COURSE
2. BEFORE THEY GET PRESCRIBED MEDS, GET A CULTURE
PHARMACOKINETICS: - ANSWERS--The process by which drugs are
absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Absorption - ANSWERS--How quickly or how well the body absorbs a
medication depends on the route of medication.
1. Oral meds are slower because it has to go through the GI tract.
,2|Page
2. Oral meds absorption are dependent on factors, such as, if there is
food in the stomach, what is the pH of the patient's gastric contents.
Those things will also effect absorption.
3. If you give a patient a liquid form of medication, that will be
absorbed more quickly vs if you gave them an extended-release capsule
Sublingual - ANSWERS--1. Absorbed very quickly
2. You would place the med under the tongue (sub- under; lingual-
tongue).
3. The mucosa under the tongue is highly vascularize, so the medication
is very quickly absorbed into the body.
4. IMPORTANT: The patient should not eat or drink anything, until that
medication has dissolve completely.
Inhalation - ANSWERS--1. Absorption is very quick.
2. Inhale the medication and it travels down to the alveoli and is quickly
absorbed into the blood stream.
Intradermal or Topical - ANSWERS--1. Absorption is much slower,
steady, throughout the day.
2. Eg, lidocaine patch is placed on the back for back pain, and it will stay
on there all day. We want a slow steady release of medication to help
with the back pain.
,3|Page
Subcutaneous Or Intramuscular Injections - ANSWERS--1. Depends of
the solubility of the medication and the blood profusion at the site of
injection.
Intravenous - ANSWERS--1. Absorption happens immediately, it goes
directly into the bloodstream and is directly absorbed.
DISTRIBUTION - ANSWERS--1. Medication travels to the site of action.
2. The medication needs binding proteins in order to be distributed to
travel to these sites of action.
3. Albumin is a common binding protein for distribution.
4. If a patient's levels of albumin are low, this would negatively impact
their ability to have that med be distributed effectively
METABOLISM - ANSWERS--1. Medication is broken down to a lesser
active or inactivated form in the body by enzymes.
2. Primarily happens in the LIVER, but the bowels, lungs, and kidneys
can also be involved in metabolism.
3. When we are babies, our organs are not mature yet so metabolism is
not as effected, so there is a higher risk of toxicity with infants because
the metabolism is not mature yet.
4. As we get older, we often start to have problems with our liver and
kidneys. So as we are older, we are at higher risk for toxicity due to
impaired metabolism.
, 4|Page
First Pass Effect - ANSWERS--The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches
systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
1. Some oral medications are inactivated through their 1st pass
(through their liver), so you may need to give a higher does of the
medication in order for the therapeutic effect to be felt.
EXCRETION - ANSWERS--1. Primarily happens in the kidneys. So if their
is kidney impairment, then the med will not be excreted out as
effectively.
Minimum Effective Concentration of Drugs (MEC) & Therapeutic Index -
ANSWERS--1. When we're talking about dosing a medication, we want
to achieve a serum or blood level of the medication that is above the
MEC, above the minimum effective concentration. But we want to be
below of where the drug becomes toxic to the patient. You don't want
to go above the toxic concentration.
2. Certain medications have a high therapeutic index, which means
there is a huge range between the MEC and the toxic dose.
3. However, there are medications that have a low therapeutic index,
which means there is a very narrow range that the patient has to stay
between. That range is narrow. Eg. Vancomycin, there is a low
therapeutic index. This means there is very small range and we have to
hit that. So, The blood levels will be drawn to understand their
vancomycin trough levels, as well as their peak levels, to make sure it is
within range.
