A&P 2 MODULE 3 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
What is the circulatory system? - ANS The overall system responsible for transporting blood,
nutrients, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes to and from body cells.
What are the two main components of the circulatory system? - ANS The cardiovascular
system and the lymphatic system.
What structures make up the cardiovascular system? - ANS The heart and blood vessels
(arteries, veins, and capillaries).
What is the function of the lymphatic system? - ANS It transports lymph back to the
bloodstream and plays a major role in immune defense.
What is lymph? - ANS A fluid containing white blood cells, proteins, and waste products.
How is blood carried throughout the body? - ANS Through blood vessels.
What is an artery? - ANS A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
What are arterioles? - ANS The smallest arteries that regulate blood flow into capillaries.
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,What are capillaries? - ANS Tiny vessels where exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes
occurs.
What are venules? - ANS Small vessels that collect blood from capillaries and carry it to veins.
What is a vein? - ANS A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart.
What do systemic arteries carry? - ANS Oxygen-rich blood from the heart to body tissues.
What do systemic veins carry? - ANS Oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
What do pulmonary arteries carry? - ANS Oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.
What do pulmonary veins carry? - ANS Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
What is the lumen? - ANS The hollow interior passageway of a blood vessel through which
blood flows.
Why do arteries have smaller lumens than veins? - ANS To help maintain higher blood
pressure.
What are the vasa vasorum? - ANS Small blood vessels that supply the walls of large arteries
and veins.
What are the three tunics of blood vessels? - ANS Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica
externa.
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, What is the tunica intima? - ANS The innermost layer of a blood vessel in direct contact with
blood.
What type of tissue lines the tunica intima? - ANS Endothelium (simple squamous
epithelium).
What chemicals are released by the endothelium to constrict vessels? - ANS Endothelins.
What is the basement membrane (basal lamina)? - ANS A layer that anchors the endothelium
to connective tissue while allowing material exchange.
What is the internal elastic membrane? - ANS A layer of elastic fibers separating the tunica
intima from the tunica media.
What is the tunica media composed of? - ANS Smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
Which tunic is usually thickest in arteries? - ANS Tunica media.
What is vasoconstriction? - ANS Contraction of smooth muscle that narrows the lumen and
increases blood pressure.
What is vasodilation? - ANS Relaxation of smooth muscle that widens the lumen and
decreases blood pressure.
What are nervi vasorum? - ANS Nerves that control contraction of vessel smooth muscle.
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AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
What is the circulatory system? - ANS The overall system responsible for transporting blood,
nutrients, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes to and from body cells.
What are the two main components of the circulatory system? - ANS The cardiovascular
system and the lymphatic system.
What structures make up the cardiovascular system? - ANS The heart and blood vessels
(arteries, veins, and capillaries).
What is the function of the lymphatic system? - ANS It transports lymph back to the
bloodstream and plays a major role in immune defense.
What is lymph? - ANS A fluid containing white blood cells, proteins, and waste products.
How is blood carried throughout the body? - ANS Through blood vessels.
What is an artery? - ANS A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
What are arterioles? - ANS The smallest arteries that regulate blood flow into capillaries.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What are capillaries? - ANS Tiny vessels where exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes
occurs.
What are venules? - ANS Small vessels that collect blood from capillaries and carry it to veins.
What is a vein? - ANS A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart.
What do systemic arteries carry? - ANS Oxygen-rich blood from the heart to body tissues.
What do systemic veins carry? - ANS Oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
What do pulmonary arteries carry? - ANS Oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.
What do pulmonary veins carry? - ANS Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
What is the lumen? - ANS The hollow interior passageway of a blood vessel through which
blood flows.
Why do arteries have smaller lumens than veins? - ANS To help maintain higher blood
pressure.
What are the vasa vasorum? - ANS Small blood vessels that supply the walls of large arteries
and veins.
What are the three tunics of blood vessels? - ANS Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica
externa.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, What is the tunica intima? - ANS The innermost layer of a blood vessel in direct contact with
blood.
What type of tissue lines the tunica intima? - ANS Endothelium (simple squamous
epithelium).
What chemicals are released by the endothelium to constrict vessels? - ANS Endothelins.
What is the basement membrane (basal lamina)? - ANS A layer that anchors the endothelium
to connective tissue while allowing material exchange.
What is the internal elastic membrane? - ANS A layer of elastic fibers separating the tunica
intima from the tunica media.
What is the tunica media composed of? - ANS Smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
Which tunic is usually thickest in arteries? - ANS Tunica media.
What is vasoconstriction? - ANS Contraction of smooth muscle that narrows the lumen and
increases blood pressure.
What is vasodilation? - ANS Relaxation of smooth muscle that widens the lumen and
decreases blood pressure.
What are nervi vasorum? - ANS Nerves that control contraction of vessel smooth muscle.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
