NRSG 265 – Medical Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Type |1 |DM |- |Clinical |Manifestations |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-3Ps, |confusion, |fatigue, |
weakness, |tachycardia, |N |& |V, |abdo |pain, |weight |loss
Diabetic |Ketoacidosis |(DKA) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lack |of |insulin |leads |to |glucose |build-up |
in |blood. |without |insulin, |body |breaks |down |fat |for |energy |instead. |Leads |to |accumulation |of |
ketones |in |the |blood. |Occurs |in |T1DM.
DKA |and |HHS |interventions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-* |fluid |resus |to |correct |dehydration
* |reverse |hyperglycaemia
* |correct |acid-base |imbalances
* |correct |electrolyte |imbalances
* |cardiac |monitoring
* |vital |obs |1/24
Atrial |Fibrillation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-disorganisation |of |atrial |electrical |activity |due |to |
multiple |ectopic |foci. |P-waves |are |re[;aced |by |chaotic, |fibrillatory |waves. |Casues |decrease |in |
CO |and |increased |stroke |risk.
AF |Management |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-* |electrical |cardioversion
* |anticoagulants
* |radiofrequency |ablation
* |drugs |to |correct |ventrical |rate |and/or |convert |to |sinus |rhythm
, Heart |Failure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |abnormal |clinical |syndrome |involving |inadequate |
cardiac |pumping |& |filling, |involves |insufficient |blood |supply |or |oxygen |to |tissues. |Can |be |left-
sided, |right-sided |or |mixed.
Beta-Blockers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-INDICATIONS: |increased |HR
MOA: |blocks |beta |receptors, |decreased |HR |and |contractility |- |decreased |cardiac |output |- |
decreased |BP |- |decreased |cardiac |workload.
AE: |bronchospasms, |hypotension, |bradycardia, |fatigue, |nightmares, |depression
E.G: |-olol
ACE |Inhibitors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-INDICATIONS: |increased |BP
MOA: |inhibits |angiotensin |converting |enzyme |(ACE) |- |no |conversion |to |Aq |II |- |no |
vasoconstriction |- |no |release |of |aldosterone |- |no |Na+ |and |water |retention |- |decreased |BP
AE: |headaches, |flushing, |drowsiness, |hypotension, |renal |failure
E.G: |-prils
Asthma |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |chronic |respiratory |condition |characterised |by |reversible |
bronchoconstriction, |oedema |of |airways |and |mucous |hypersecretion.
Asthma |Pathophysiology |(initial) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |initial |exposure |to |allergen |
2. |IgE |attacks |foreign |substance |
3. |minimal |signs |and |symptoms |
4. |IgE |antibodies |bind |to |mast |cells |in |lung |tissues |
5. |reexposure |to |allergen |will |bind |it |to |IgE |
6. |IgE |activated |and |causes |rupture |of |mast |cells
7. |chemical |processes |occur, |leading |to |signs |of |asthma
Asthma |Pathophysiology |(extended) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |allergen/irritant |exposure
Correct Answers
Type |1 |DM |- |Clinical |Manifestations |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-3Ps, |confusion, |fatigue, |
weakness, |tachycardia, |N |& |V, |abdo |pain, |weight |loss
Diabetic |Ketoacidosis |(DKA) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lack |of |insulin |leads |to |glucose |build-up |
in |blood. |without |insulin, |body |breaks |down |fat |for |energy |instead. |Leads |to |accumulation |of |
ketones |in |the |blood. |Occurs |in |T1DM.
DKA |and |HHS |interventions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-* |fluid |resus |to |correct |dehydration
* |reverse |hyperglycaemia
* |correct |acid-base |imbalances
* |correct |electrolyte |imbalances
* |cardiac |monitoring
* |vital |obs |1/24
Atrial |Fibrillation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-disorganisation |of |atrial |electrical |activity |due |to |
multiple |ectopic |foci. |P-waves |are |re[;aced |by |chaotic, |fibrillatory |waves. |Casues |decrease |in |
CO |and |increased |stroke |risk.
AF |Management |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-* |electrical |cardioversion
* |anticoagulants
* |radiofrequency |ablation
* |drugs |to |correct |ventrical |rate |and/or |convert |to |sinus |rhythm
, Heart |Failure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |abnormal |clinical |syndrome |involving |inadequate |
cardiac |pumping |& |filling, |involves |insufficient |blood |supply |or |oxygen |to |tissues. |Can |be |left-
sided, |right-sided |or |mixed.
Beta-Blockers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-INDICATIONS: |increased |HR
MOA: |blocks |beta |receptors, |decreased |HR |and |contractility |- |decreased |cardiac |output |- |
decreased |BP |- |decreased |cardiac |workload.
AE: |bronchospasms, |hypotension, |bradycardia, |fatigue, |nightmares, |depression
E.G: |-olol
ACE |Inhibitors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-INDICATIONS: |increased |BP
MOA: |inhibits |angiotensin |converting |enzyme |(ACE) |- |no |conversion |to |Aq |II |- |no |
vasoconstriction |- |no |release |of |aldosterone |- |no |Na+ |and |water |retention |- |decreased |BP
AE: |headaches, |flushing, |drowsiness, |hypotension, |renal |failure
E.G: |-prils
Asthma |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |chronic |respiratory |condition |characterised |by |reversible |
bronchoconstriction, |oedema |of |airways |and |mucous |hypersecretion.
Asthma |Pathophysiology |(initial) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |initial |exposure |to |allergen |
2. |IgE |attacks |foreign |substance |
3. |minimal |signs |and |symptoms |
4. |IgE |antibodies |bind |to |mast |cells |in |lung |tissues |
5. |reexposure |to |allergen |will |bind |it |to |IgE |
6. |IgE |activated |and |causes |rupture |of |mast |cells
7. |chemical |processes |occur, |leading |to |signs |of |asthma
Asthma |Pathophysiology |(extended) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |allergen/irritant |exposure
