BIOD 210 Final Exam | Questions and Answers Latest
Updated (Graded A+)- Portage Learning
Exam 1
1. In a few sentences, summarize Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Natural selection implies that only organisms that can adapt to
withstand harsh environment conditions will survive. “Only the strong
survive”
2. Match each description to the correct term using these words:
Zebrafish, worms, Fruit fly, Mice
o Can be "humanized" - mice
o Extremely inexpensive and extremely short life span – fruit fly
o Transparent egg and embryo - zebrafish
o Simple nervous system that is easy to research – worms
3. Name 2 types of animal models that are used for genetic research.
Describe one trait that each model possesses that makes it a useful
genetic tool.
Fruit fly – easy to breed, short life span, inexpensive.
Zebrafish – transparent egg and embryo, easy to study.
4. Are preformation and epigenesis the same thing? Explain why or why
not.
No, preformation is an old theory that stated that humans grew from a
tiny human called a “homunculus”, epigenesis states that we come
from a fertilized egg and undergoes development from then.
5. How does preformation differ from epigenesis?
In preformation, it says that we are born a complete, tiny human
called a homunculus, while in epigenesis it states that we develop
after the egg gets fertilized.
6. Match each description to the correct term using these words: Alleles,
gene, genotype, diploid number, chromosomes, phenotype.
o number of chromosomes – diploid number
o an observation feature - phenotype
o alternative form of gene - allele
o basic unit of heredity - gene
, o exists in pairs within the nucleus - chromosomes
o the set of alleles that - genotype
7. What type of plants did Gregor Mendel use in his famous
experiments?
Pea plants
8. Which of the following does NOT describe the chromosomal theory of
inheritance? (select all that apply)
o Chromosomes are contained within genes that encode for
all genetic traits
o Chromosomes inherited from a father will be dominant
over those from the mother
o The proteins within chromosomes are the chief drivers of
genetic inheritance
o Genes, contributed from each parent, are carried on
chromosomes.
9. The chromosomal theory of inheritance states that:
Genes contributed from each parent, are carried on chromosomes.
10. are the basic building blocks of DNA.
Nucleotides
11. True or False: Nucleotides are the basic building blocks that
make up DNA.
True
12. Modern agriculture has benefited from the use of biotechnology
through the use of transgenic crops. What does this mean?
Crops have been genetically modified in order to make them yield a
larger and bigger crop, also to be able to withstand harsh
environments.
13. Explain how the use of biotechnology has contributed to modern
agriculture.
Crops have been genetically modified to turn them into transgenic
crops in order to make them yield a larger and bigger crop, also to be
able to withstand harsh environments.
,14. True or False: The theory of spontaneous generation posits that
living things can spontaneously generate from nonliving things.
True
15. Natural selection posits that organisms that have the most
advantageous characteristics will survive their environment. Do
humans have the same selective pressures for natural selection that
their animal counterparts do? Are humans still evolving?
Even though humans don’t have the same pressures for natural
selection anymore as animals do, humans are still evolving, one
example is how some humans still produce the lactase enzyme later in
life, only because humans domesticated animals and drink their milk.
16. Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann famously introduced:
Cell theory
17. Cell theory was introduced by:
Schleiden and Schwann
18. Charles Darwin's publication on evolution is called:
The origin of species
19. Propose examples of certain traits that could benefit an animal
that lives in a forested environment.
Camouflage, claws and flexibility to climb trees, ability to eat and
digest plants.
20. Propose examples of certain traits that could benefit an animal
that lives in a mountainous environment.
Able to withstand high altitudes and low temperatures, able to hunt to
eat, able to blend in with rocks.
21. The hypothesized that heredity and development
depend on the passing of genetic information via that are
contained within chromosomes.
chromosomal theory of inheritance; genes
22. The number of total chromosomes in a normal human
chromosome set is . Chromosomes exist in matched numbers of
.
46; 2
, 23. Humans have a number of 46, with a number of
23.
diploid; haploid
24. genes are the "normal" genes, such as the red eye color
in the fruit fly. A mutation of a gene is referred to as an .
Wild-type; allele
25. What are the four nucleotides that make up DNA? What are the
pair combinations that they form?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
A-T
C-G
26. How many nucleotides make up DNA? In which combinations do
they pair?
4 nucleotide bases.
A-T and C-G
27. Corn and soybeans are 90% transgenic crops. What does this
mean?
That 90% of them have been genetically modified to withstand harder
environments and to yield a bigger crop.
28. The FDA-approved ATryn used to treat blood clots, was derived
from genetically engineered
Goats
29. A gene can be inserted into carrier DNA using enzymes that cut
the DNA called . This carrier DNA is referred to as a .
restriction enzymes; vector
30. Match the model with the system: mouse, worm, zebrafish, fruit
fly.
o can be made into “humanized” model - mouse
o good model of the nervous system - worm
o have a tiny genome and large offspring – fruit fly
o have transparent eggs and larvae - zebrafish
31. Which two scientists won the Nobel Prize for their model of the
double-stranded DNA helix?
Watson & Crick
Updated (Graded A+)- Portage Learning
Exam 1
1. In a few sentences, summarize Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Natural selection implies that only organisms that can adapt to
withstand harsh environment conditions will survive. “Only the strong
survive”
2. Match each description to the correct term using these words:
Zebrafish, worms, Fruit fly, Mice
o Can be "humanized" - mice
o Extremely inexpensive and extremely short life span – fruit fly
o Transparent egg and embryo - zebrafish
o Simple nervous system that is easy to research – worms
3. Name 2 types of animal models that are used for genetic research.
Describe one trait that each model possesses that makes it a useful
genetic tool.
Fruit fly – easy to breed, short life span, inexpensive.
Zebrafish – transparent egg and embryo, easy to study.
4. Are preformation and epigenesis the same thing? Explain why or why
not.
No, preformation is an old theory that stated that humans grew from a
tiny human called a “homunculus”, epigenesis states that we come
from a fertilized egg and undergoes development from then.
5. How does preformation differ from epigenesis?
In preformation, it says that we are born a complete, tiny human
called a homunculus, while in epigenesis it states that we develop
after the egg gets fertilized.
6. Match each description to the correct term using these words: Alleles,
gene, genotype, diploid number, chromosomes, phenotype.
o number of chromosomes – diploid number
o an observation feature - phenotype
o alternative form of gene - allele
o basic unit of heredity - gene
, o exists in pairs within the nucleus - chromosomes
o the set of alleles that - genotype
7. What type of plants did Gregor Mendel use in his famous
experiments?
Pea plants
8. Which of the following does NOT describe the chromosomal theory of
inheritance? (select all that apply)
o Chromosomes are contained within genes that encode for
all genetic traits
o Chromosomes inherited from a father will be dominant
over those from the mother
o The proteins within chromosomes are the chief drivers of
genetic inheritance
o Genes, contributed from each parent, are carried on
chromosomes.
9. The chromosomal theory of inheritance states that:
Genes contributed from each parent, are carried on chromosomes.
10. are the basic building blocks of DNA.
Nucleotides
11. True or False: Nucleotides are the basic building blocks that
make up DNA.
True
12. Modern agriculture has benefited from the use of biotechnology
through the use of transgenic crops. What does this mean?
Crops have been genetically modified in order to make them yield a
larger and bigger crop, also to be able to withstand harsh
environments.
13. Explain how the use of biotechnology has contributed to modern
agriculture.
Crops have been genetically modified to turn them into transgenic
crops in order to make them yield a larger and bigger crop, also to be
able to withstand harsh environments.
,14. True or False: The theory of spontaneous generation posits that
living things can spontaneously generate from nonliving things.
True
15. Natural selection posits that organisms that have the most
advantageous characteristics will survive their environment. Do
humans have the same selective pressures for natural selection that
their animal counterparts do? Are humans still evolving?
Even though humans don’t have the same pressures for natural
selection anymore as animals do, humans are still evolving, one
example is how some humans still produce the lactase enzyme later in
life, only because humans domesticated animals and drink their milk.
16. Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann famously introduced:
Cell theory
17. Cell theory was introduced by:
Schleiden and Schwann
18. Charles Darwin's publication on evolution is called:
The origin of species
19. Propose examples of certain traits that could benefit an animal
that lives in a forested environment.
Camouflage, claws and flexibility to climb trees, ability to eat and
digest plants.
20. Propose examples of certain traits that could benefit an animal
that lives in a mountainous environment.
Able to withstand high altitudes and low temperatures, able to hunt to
eat, able to blend in with rocks.
21. The hypothesized that heredity and development
depend on the passing of genetic information via that are
contained within chromosomes.
chromosomal theory of inheritance; genes
22. The number of total chromosomes in a normal human
chromosome set is . Chromosomes exist in matched numbers of
.
46; 2
, 23. Humans have a number of 46, with a number of
23.
diploid; haploid
24. genes are the "normal" genes, such as the red eye color
in the fruit fly. A mutation of a gene is referred to as an .
Wild-type; allele
25. What are the four nucleotides that make up DNA? What are the
pair combinations that they form?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
A-T
C-G
26. How many nucleotides make up DNA? In which combinations do
they pair?
4 nucleotide bases.
A-T and C-G
27. Corn and soybeans are 90% transgenic crops. What does this
mean?
That 90% of them have been genetically modified to withstand harder
environments and to yield a bigger crop.
28. The FDA-approved ATryn used to treat blood clots, was derived
from genetically engineered
Goats
29. A gene can be inserted into carrier DNA using enzymes that cut
the DNA called . This carrier DNA is referred to as a .
restriction enzymes; vector
30. Match the model with the system: mouse, worm, zebrafish, fruit
fly.
o can be made into “humanized” model - mouse
o good model of the nervous system - worm
o have a tiny genome and large offspring – fruit fly
o have transparent eggs and larvae - zebrafish
31. Which two scientists won the Nobel Prize for their model of the
double-stranded DNA helix?
Watson & Crick
