BIOD 210 Exam 5 | Questions and Answers Latest
Updated (Graded A+)- Portage Learning
1. Consider the following DNA sequence: 3'-TAC TGG GTT CCC-5'
a. Write out the complementary RNA sequence, including indicating
the 5' and 3'.
b. The poly-U's of strand termination are found on which end of the
RNA (5' or 3')?
c. Identify the start codon in the sequence you wrote in part a. of this
question.
a. 5'-AUG ACC CAA GGG-3'
b. 3'
c. AUG
2. Consider the following DNA sequence: 3'-AAC TAC TGT GTA -5'
a. Write out the complementary RNA sequence, including the 5' and 3'
b. Translation starts on which end of the RNA (5' or 3')?
c. Identify the start codon in the complementary sequence you wrote
in part a. of this question
a. 5'-UUG AUG ACA CAU -3'
b. 5'
c. AUG
3. True or False: Transcription of DNA into mRNA does not require an
RNA primer.
True
4. True or False: transcription of mRNA into DNA requires an RNA
primer
False
5. Why must the DNA within eukaryotes be complexed with histone
proteins, but not in bacteria? What happens to these complexes
during DNA replication?
-Histones are released in translation after transcription is complete.
The DNA binds to the histones to make it more condensed and then
leaves after the DNA transfer. In bacteria everything is relatively
smaller compared to Eukaryotes.
-There is a huge amount of DNA within a eukaryotic cell, and it needs
to be stored within a tiny space within the nucleus. Therefore, it is
complexed with proteins into chromatin that help to condense it into
an extremely compact form. When it is time for DNA replication to
occur, the complexes relax due to the proteins dissociating from it.
Then as soon as replication is complete at a certain point, the DNA
winds around the histone proteins and recondenses.
6. Match the following terms to the correct description: Ribosomes,
, Codon, reverse transcription, shelterin complex, exon.
Serves as a site for protein translation on the ER surface – ribosome
Protects chromosome ends from degradation – shelterin complex
Three nucleotides that form a code for an amino acid - codon
Synthesis of DNA from a strand of RNA – reverse transcription
mRNA sequences that are coding for a sequences for proteins - exon
7. Define the wobble hypothesis and why it is important for the
degeneracy in coding
-It states that the first two codons/bases are the most important the
third does not matter, there are many codons that encode for the
same output/protein
-The wobble hypothesis allows for flexible base-pairing rules in the
third position of a codon. In several cases, the first two bases are the
same for a specific amino acid, and the third position can be any of
the four bases. Because there are only 40 tRNAs to encode amino
acids for 60+ codons, the wobble hypothesis allows for some
degeneracy in the coding, whereby one tRNA can recognize several
codons to encode one amino acid
8. Fill-in-the-Blank: The element is a -acting element that is located
upstream from the site of transcription initiation
Pribnow; Cis
9. Fill in the Blank: The Pribnow element is a (1) -acting element that
is located (2) from the site of transcription initiation.
Cis; upstream
10. True or False: A silencer or enhancer is almost always located
immediately upstream of the gene that it is affecting
False
11. True or False: A silencer element is always located close to the
gene that it affects, but an enhancer element can be far away.
False
12. What is the enzyme that contributes to the growth of a
nucleotide chain and also helps in the proofreading process?
Polymerase
13. True or False: Once a polymerase is moving forward along a
nucleotide chain, the ability to stall and reverse direction if things go
wrong is called proofreading.
True
14. Fill-in-the-Blank: In the process of RNA splicing, are
removed from the pre-mRNA and are rejoined to make a mature
mRNA.
introns; exons
Updated (Graded A+)- Portage Learning
1. Consider the following DNA sequence: 3'-TAC TGG GTT CCC-5'
a. Write out the complementary RNA sequence, including indicating
the 5' and 3'.
b. The poly-U's of strand termination are found on which end of the
RNA (5' or 3')?
c. Identify the start codon in the sequence you wrote in part a. of this
question.
a. 5'-AUG ACC CAA GGG-3'
b. 3'
c. AUG
2. Consider the following DNA sequence: 3'-AAC TAC TGT GTA -5'
a. Write out the complementary RNA sequence, including the 5' and 3'
b. Translation starts on which end of the RNA (5' or 3')?
c. Identify the start codon in the complementary sequence you wrote
in part a. of this question
a. 5'-UUG AUG ACA CAU -3'
b. 5'
c. AUG
3. True or False: Transcription of DNA into mRNA does not require an
RNA primer.
True
4. True or False: transcription of mRNA into DNA requires an RNA
primer
False
5. Why must the DNA within eukaryotes be complexed with histone
proteins, but not in bacteria? What happens to these complexes
during DNA replication?
-Histones are released in translation after transcription is complete.
The DNA binds to the histones to make it more condensed and then
leaves after the DNA transfer. In bacteria everything is relatively
smaller compared to Eukaryotes.
-There is a huge amount of DNA within a eukaryotic cell, and it needs
to be stored within a tiny space within the nucleus. Therefore, it is
complexed with proteins into chromatin that help to condense it into
an extremely compact form. When it is time for DNA replication to
occur, the complexes relax due to the proteins dissociating from it.
Then as soon as replication is complete at a certain point, the DNA
winds around the histone proteins and recondenses.
6. Match the following terms to the correct description: Ribosomes,
, Codon, reverse transcription, shelterin complex, exon.
Serves as a site for protein translation on the ER surface – ribosome
Protects chromosome ends from degradation – shelterin complex
Three nucleotides that form a code for an amino acid - codon
Synthesis of DNA from a strand of RNA – reverse transcription
mRNA sequences that are coding for a sequences for proteins - exon
7. Define the wobble hypothesis and why it is important for the
degeneracy in coding
-It states that the first two codons/bases are the most important the
third does not matter, there are many codons that encode for the
same output/protein
-The wobble hypothesis allows for flexible base-pairing rules in the
third position of a codon. In several cases, the first two bases are the
same for a specific amino acid, and the third position can be any of
the four bases. Because there are only 40 tRNAs to encode amino
acids for 60+ codons, the wobble hypothesis allows for some
degeneracy in the coding, whereby one tRNA can recognize several
codons to encode one amino acid
8. Fill-in-the-Blank: The element is a -acting element that is located
upstream from the site of transcription initiation
Pribnow; Cis
9. Fill in the Blank: The Pribnow element is a (1) -acting element that
is located (2) from the site of transcription initiation.
Cis; upstream
10. True or False: A silencer or enhancer is almost always located
immediately upstream of the gene that it is affecting
False
11. True or False: A silencer element is always located close to the
gene that it affects, but an enhancer element can be far away.
False
12. What is the enzyme that contributes to the growth of a
nucleotide chain and also helps in the proofreading process?
Polymerase
13. True or False: Once a polymerase is moving forward along a
nucleotide chain, the ability to stall and reverse direction if things go
wrong is called proofreading.
True
14. Fill-in-the-Blank: In the process of RNA splicing, are
removed from the pre-mRNA and are rejoined to make a mature
mRNA.
introns; exons
