Patient Assessment Exam Questions (300 Q&A) – RESP 201, Hemodynamics, ABG, ECG, Lab Values – Kettering

This document contains a comprehensive set of approximately 300 exam-style questions and verified answers focused on advanced patient assessment in respiratory care. It covers a wide range of diagnostic and monitoring concepts including neurological assessments (EEG), cardiovascular evaluation (ECG, cardiac catheterization, echocardiography), and pulmonary diagnostics such as pulmonary angiography. In addition, it provides in-depth coverage of arterial blood gases (ABGs), capnography (ETCO₂, PETCO₂), pulse oximetry, and transcutaneous monitoring, making it highly relevant for clinical interpretation and patient monitoring. The material also explores hematology and laboratory values in detail, including RBCs, WBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit, electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻), kidney function tests (BUN, creatinine), and cardiac biomarkers such as troponin and BNP. It further includes clinical interpretation of sputum characteristics, infection markers, and coagulation studies (PT, PTT, platelet count). As seen across pages 1–10, the document systematically introduces diagnostic tools and lab values, while later sections (pages 20–26) focus on hemodynamic monitoring, including cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, CVP, PAP, and PCWP. Additionally, the document covers neonatal and pediatric assessment topics such as APGAR scoring, gestational age classification, Silverman scoring, and neonatal vital signs, along with respiratory-specific evaluations like lung maturity (L/S ratio) and surfactant composition. It also includes practical clinical decision-making guidelines, such as identifying abnormal values, interpreting trends, and recommending appropriate treatments or interventions. This content aligns closely with respiratory therapy curricula and is especially useful for exam preparation, clinical rotations, and board-level review. It reflects the knowledge base outlined in standard textbooks such as Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, which provides foundational theory for patient assessment, diagnostics, and clinical decision-making in respiratory care. This document is ideal for students enrolled in courses such as RESP 201 (Patient Assessment), Cardiopulmonary Diagnostics, Advanced Respiratory Care, and Critical Care Monitoring. It is also highly relevant for respiratory therapy students, nursing students (particularly in ICU, ER, or telemetry tracks), paramedic students, and healthcare professionals preparing for certification exams such as the NBRC (CRT/RRT). Keywords: patient assessment, ABG analysis, hemodynamics, ECG interpretation, laboratory values, respiratory diagnostics, capnography, pulse oximetry, cardiac output, pulmonary pressures, electrolytes, neonatal assessment, BNP, troponin, clinical monitoring