HESI MEDICAL- SURGERY EXAM 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026/2027
Type 1 Diabetes Primary Defect - ANS absent or minimal insulin production
Type 2 DM Primary Defect - ANS insulin resistance, decreased insulin production over time
Type 1 DM Onset/ etiology - ANS Young children, under 20/ autoimmune
Type 2 DM Onset/etiology - ANS Overweight, adulthood
Clinical Manifestations of DM Type 1 - ANS Rapid onset, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia-
weight loss and fatigue common
Clinical Manifestation of DM Type 2 - ANS Gradual Onset, Recurrent infection, Three P's,
Rapid Action Insulin
Lispro Aspart, Glulsine - ANS Onset: 15 Minutes
Peak 60-90 min
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Duration- 3-4hrs
Inject 15 minutes before meal
Short Acting: Regular & Novolin - ANS Onset: .5-1 hr
Peak:, 2-3 hours
Duration: 3-6 hours
Injected 30-45 minutes premeal
Intermediate action insulin: NPH, - ANS Onset: 2-4 hours
Peak: 4-10 hours
Duration: 10-16 hrs
Long Action Insulin: Glargine, Detemir - ANS Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: non
Duration: 24+ hour
Injected once/ day
What is the insulin pump? - ANS Continuous subQ infusion, battery operated, connected via
plastic tube to a catheter inserted into subQ tissue in the abdomen, potential for tight glucose
control
Biguanides MOA - ANS increase rate of hepatic glucose production; augment glucose uptake
by tissues, especially muscles
Sulfonylurease MOA - ANS Stimulate release of insulin from pancreatic islets-- decrease
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis--enhance cellular sensitivity to insulin
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026/2027
Type 1 Diabetes Primary Defect - ANS absent or minimal insulin production
Type 2 DM Primary Defect - ANS insulin resistance, decreased insulin production over time
Type 1 DM Onset/ etiology - ANS Young children, under 20/ autoimmune
Type 2 DM Onset/etiology - ANS Overweight, adulthood
Clinical Manifestations of DM Type 1 - ANS Rapid onset, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia-
weight loss and fatigue common
Clinical Manifestation of DM Type 2 - ANS Gradual Onset, Recurrent infection, Three P's,
Rapid Action Insulin
Lispro Aspart, Glulsine - ANS Onset: 15 Minutes
Peak 60-90 min
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Duration- 3-4hrs
Inject 15 minutes before meal
Short Acting: Regular & Novolin - ANS Onset: .5-1 hr
Peak:, 2-3 hours
Duration: 3-6 hours
Injected 30-45 minutes premeal
Intermediate action insulin: NPH, - ANS Onset: 2-4 hours
Peak: 4-10 hours
Duration: 10-16 hrs
Long Action Insulin: Glargine, Detemir - ANS Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: non
Duration: 24+ hour
Injected once/ day
What is the insulin pump? - ANS Continuous subQ infusion, battery operated, connected via
plastic tube to a catheter inserted into subQ tissue in the abdomen, potential for tight glucose
control
Biguanides MOA - ANS increase rate of hepatic glucose production; augment glucose uptake
by tissues, especially muscles
Sulfonylurease MOA - ANS Stimulate release of insulin from pancreatic islets-- decrease
glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis--enhance cellular sensitivity to insulin
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
