LOUISIANA HORTICULTURE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026/2027
4 major plant parts include - ANS roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - ANS absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - ANS fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - ANS root system that consists of numerous multi-branched roots that
are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - ANS root system that consists of one main
root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - ANS Spread the
roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - ANS Support
conduction
storage
Conduction - ANS the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances manufactured
in the plant.
xylem - ANS water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves through
inner tissues called
phloem - ANS manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through outer stem
tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - ANS xylem and phloem
Cambium layer - ANS The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the ____________.
Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - ANS The xylem and phloem tissues are
formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the stem.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - ANS the xylem is formed on the inside next to the
heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - ANS is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts the food
supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - ANS Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - ANS in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the ______ of the
leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - ANS Some plants have modified stem and roots structures
that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - ANS solid stem structures with remains of dried scale leaves
surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - ANS the main axis or stem of the plant is in a horizontal position
underground
Stolons - ANS Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - ANS roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - ANS the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - ANS Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - ANS Root living through one growing season
October until December - ANS Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
Dicot Leaf - ANS Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent veins with
branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - ANS Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous branching between
the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - ANS Leaves have two main functions to carry out:
______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - ANS the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are eventually
transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible light absorbed by
chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - ANS the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the atmosphere and
temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive heat build up
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026/2027
4 major plant parts include - ANS roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - ANS absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - ANS fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - ANS root system that consists of numerous multi-branched roots that
are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - ANS root system that consists of one main
root that grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - ANS Spread the
roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - ANS Support
conduction
storage
Conduction - ANS the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances manufactured
in the plant.
xylem - ANS water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves through
inner tissues called
phloem - ANS manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through outer stem
tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - ANS xylem and phloem
Cambium layer - ANS The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the ____________.
Plant function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - ANS The xylem and phloem tissues are
formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the stem.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - ANS the xylem is formed on the inside next to the
heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - ANS is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts the food
supply pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - ANS Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called
____________ and the space between are called __________.
axillary bud and axil - ANS in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the ______ of the
leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - ANS Some plants have modified stem and roots structures
that store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - ANS solid stem structures with remains of dried scale leaves
surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - ANS the main axis or stem of the plant is in a horizontal position
underground
Stolons - ANS Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - ANS roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - ANS the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - ANS Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - ANS Root living through one growing season
October until December - ANS Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
Dicot Leaf - ANS Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent veins with
branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - ANS Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous branching between
the veins as in corn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - ANS Leaves have two main functions to carry out:
______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - ANS the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are eventually
transformed into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible light absorbed by
chlorophyll (green pigments)
Transpiration - ANS the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the atmosphere and
temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive heat build up
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 4
