TCU MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026/2027
Adaptive Immunity - ANS The body's ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct
invaders and their products
5 attributes of adaptive immunity - ANS Specificity, inducibility, clonality, Unresponsiveness
to self, memory
Specificity - ANS Ability to look for a very specific molecular shape to act against
Inducibility - ANS The ability to activate against a specific pathogen
Clonality - ANS The ability to make a clone/copy of itself to help fight a specific type of cell
Unresponsiveness to Self - ANS The ability that allows us not harm ourselves/own body cells
Memory - ANS Ability to, if ever a specific pathogen was encountered again, to make a
quicker immune response due to already having been exposed
Leukocytes - ANS Types of white blood cells involved in Adaptive Immunity
The smallest of white blood cells
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Large nucleus and thin rim of cytoplasm `
B lymphocytes cell maturation
T lymphocytes cell maturation - ANS B cell - mature in the bone marrow
T cell - mature in the thymus
Lymphatic System - ANS A body system similar to the circulatory system without the flow of
red blood cells
tissues are screened for foreign antigens. Composed of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic cells,
tissues, and organs
Humoral and Cell Mediated Immune Responses - ANS The types of Adaptive Immune
Responses
Humoral Immune Responses - ANS Type of response with Activated B cells produce
antibodies
Cell Mediated Responses - ANS Type of response that involves activated T cells
Deals with intercellular pathogens
Circulatory System - ANS Lymphatic cells and vessels are intertwined/connected to what
other body system?
Lymph - ANS Liquid with similar composition to blood plasma
Fluid leaked from blood vessels into surrounding tissues
Is flowed through body and returned to the heart
Red bone marrow, Thymus - ANS Primary Lymphoid Organs
Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, MALT - ANS Secondary Lymphoid Organs
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue - ANS What does MALT stand for?
MALT - ANS Consists of organs like the appendix, lymphatic tissue of respiratory tract, vagina,
urinary bladder, mammary glands, and Peyer's patch in small intestine wall
Muscle Contraction - ANS Body action that helps keep fluid moving along the lymphatic
system
Infection - ANS Lymph node swelling indicates.....
Germinal centers of Lymph nodes - ANS A lot of B cell replication occurs here
Medulla region of Lymph nodes - ANS Region of the body consisting of veins and arteries
Where lots of foreign particles flow
Lymph nodes - ANS Thousands of body parts throughout the body that can recognize foreign
particles and determine to let out a response to get rid of them
Antigens - ANS A particle or molecule that the body recognizes as foreign and worthy of
attack
Antigens - ANS Include various bacterial components as well as proteins of viruses, fungi, and
protozoa. Food and dust can also contain antigenic particles
Antigenic in nature - ANS Parts of the cell that normal human cells do not contain that enter
the body are considered
Epitope (antigenic determinants) - ANS Part of an antigen dependent on 3D molecular
shape/region of a particular particle
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, Epitope - ANS The part of the antigen that they antibody attaches to
Foreign particles outside the cell - ANS What produces an exogenous antigen?
inside a cell - ANS Where can antigens be located that makes them harder to find?
Exogenous - ANS Antigens located outside of the cell are considered to be
Endogenous - ANS Antigens located inside and move within the cell are considered to be
Autoantigens - ANS Normal cell antigens
Important that the body recognizes them as self
Autoimmune diseases - ANS What happens when our own body cells do not recognize our
own cells/attack our own cells?
Plasma cells - ANS B cells mature into....?
Plasma cells - ANS Important for producing antibodies
Arise & mature in red bone marrow
Found primarily in spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT
Small % of B cells circulate in the blood
Up to 500000 - ANS How many BCR's does a single B cell have?
BCR - ANS Each B cell has multiple copies of the BCR on its surface
Each B cell generates a single type of BCR
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026/2027
Adaptive Immunity - ANS The body's ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct
invaders and their products
5 attributes of adaptive immunity - ANS Specificity, inducibility, clonality, Unresponsiveness
to self, memory
Specificity - ANS Ability to look for a very specific molecular shape to act against
Inducibility - ANS The ability to activate against a specific pathogen
Clonality - ANS The ability to make a clone/copy of itself to help fight a specific type of cell
Unresponsiveness to Self - ANS The ability that allows us not harm ourselves/own body cells
Memory - ANS Ability to, if ever a specific pathogen was encountered again, to make a
quicker immune response due to already having been exposed
Leukocytes - ANS Types of white blood cells involved in Adaptive Immunity
The smallest of white blood cells
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Large nucleus and thin rim of cytoplasm `
B lymphocytes cell maturation
T lymphocytes cell maturation - ANS B cell - mature in the bone marrow
T cell - mature in the thymus
Lymphatic System - ANS A body system similar to the circulatory system without the flow of
red blood cells
tissues are screened for foreign antigens. Composed of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic cells,
tissues, and organs
Humoral and Cell Mediated Immune Responses - ANS The types of Adaptive Immune
Responses
Humoral Immune Responses - ANS Type of response with Activated B cells produce
antibodies
Cell Mediated Responses - ANS Type of response that involves activated T cells
Deals with intercellular pathogens
Circulatory System - ANS Lymphatic cells and vessels are intertwined/connected to what
other body system?
Lymph - ANS Liquid with similar composition to blood plasma
Fluid leaked from blood vessels into surrounding tissues
Is flowed through body and returned to the heart
Red bone marrow, Thymus - ANS Primary Lymphoid Organs
Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, MALT - ANS Secondary Lymphoid Organs
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue - ANS What does MALT stand for?
MALT - ANS Consists of organs like the appendix, lymphatic tissue of respiratory tract, vagina,
urinary bladder, mammary glands, and Peyer's patch in small intestine wall
Muscle Contraction - ANS Body action that helps keep fluid moving along the lymphatic
system
Infection - ANS Lymph node swelling indicates.....
Germinal centers of Lymph nodes - ANS A lot of B cell replication occurs here
Medulla region of Lymph nodes - ANS Region of the body consisting of veins and arteries
Where lots of foreign particles flow
Lymph nodes - ANS Thousands of body parts throughout the body that can recognize foreign
particles and determine to let out a response to get rid of them
Antigens - ANS A particle or molecule that the body recognizes as foreign and worthy of
attack
Antigens - ANS Include various bacterial components as well as proteins of viruses, fungi, and
protozoa. Food and dust can also contain antigenic particles
Antigenic in nature - ANS Parts of the cell that normal human cells do not contain that enter
the body are considered
Epitope (antigenic determinants) - ANS Part of an antigen dependent on 3D molecular
shape/region of a particular particle
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Epitope - ANS The part of the antigen that they antibody attaches to
Foreign particles outside the cell - ANS What produces an exogenous antigen?
inside a cell - ANS Where can antigens be located that makes them harder to find?
Exogenous - ANS Antigens located outside of the cell are considered to be
Endogenous - ANS Antigens located inside and move within the cell are considered to be
Autoantigens - ANS Normal cell antigens
Important that the body recognizes them as self
Autoimmune diseases - ANS What happens when our own body cells do not recognize our
own cells/attack our own cells?
Plasma cells - ANS B cells mature into....?
Plasma cells - ANS Important for producing antibodies
Arise & mature in red bone marrow
Found primarily in spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT
Small % of B cells circulate in the blood
Up to 500000 - ANS How many BCR's does a single B cell have?
BCR - ANS Each B cell has multiple copies of the BCR on its surface
Each B cell generates a single type of BCR
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 4
