MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027

MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027




Identify 3 components of both gram positive and negative bacteria. - ANS -Cell wall

-Capsule

-Plasma cell membrane



Compare/contrast gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria - ANS Gram (+)

1. thick peptidoglycan

2. small periplasmic space

3. Teichoic acid



Gram (-)

1. THIN peptidoglycan

2. LPS

3. Porins

4. Large periplasmic space



Plasmids carry genes for? - ANS 1. Antibiotic resistance

2. Resistance to heavy metals (Hg, Ag)

3. Resistance to UV light

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,4. Pili

5. Exotoxins



Bacterial shapes: cocci - ANS - diplococci (pair)

- streptococci

- tetrad (4)

- staphylococci

- Sarcina (cube of 8)



Bacterial shapes: Rods (Bacilli) - ANS -chain of bacilli

-flagellate rods

-spore former



Bacterial shapes: Spirals - ANS -Vibrios

-Spirilla

-Spirochaetes



The shape of a bacterium is determined by its _____. - ANS rigid cell wall



Smallest and largest bacteria - ANS Smallest:

Mycoplasma



Largest: Bacillus anthracis



Bacteria is a prokaryote with the following characteristics : ______ - ANS -no nucleus or
membrane-bound organelles

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, -chromosomes and plasmids freely float in cytoplasm



Function of cells wall - ANS • Provides structural

support

• Made of peptidoglycan

(polysaccharide)



Function of capsule - ANS Sticky outer layer

for protection and

attachment



Function of plasma cell membrane - ANS • Directs what enters

and exits

• Phospholipid bilayer



Differences in cell walls gram (-) and (+) - ANS



Gram positive bacteria structure - ANS • Inner plasma cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

• Thick 'peptidoglycan' cell wall

• Outer Capsule



Gram negative bacteria structure - ANS • Inner plasma cell membrane

(phospholipid bilayer)

• Thin 'peptidoglycan' cell wall

• Another outer plasma cell


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