MMSC 433 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
Iron absorption - ANS -ferric iron is taken in from diet
-ferric iron is reduced by duodenal cytochrome B to become ferrous iron
-ferrous iron is absorbed into enterocytes by DMT 1
-absorbed iron is stored as ferritin, or sent into portal hepatic circulation and carried by
transferrin to developing RBCs
transferrin - ANS plasma carrier protein for ferrous iron
high iron level regulation - ANS -hepcidin is released from hepatocytes
-ferroportin is inactivated, leading to decreased iron being transported into circulation
low iron level regulation - ANS -hepcidin is down regulated by hepatocytes
-ferroportin becomes activated and transports iron out of the enterocytes and into circulation
dietary iron sources - ANS red meat, legumes, dark leafy vegetables, whole grains
ferrous iron - ANS the form of iron that is able to be utilized in the body for developing red
cells
prussian blue stain - ANS stain that is used to identify iron in tissues and bone marrow
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, thomas plot - ANS a chart that is used to compare soluble transferrin receptors/ log ferritin to
hemoglobin concentration of reticulocytes to identify the iron status of the patient
-iron status is used to correlate to certain diseases/ anemias
stage 1 iron deficiency (progressive loss of storage iron) - ANS -asymptomatic
-RBCs develop normally
-*serum ferritin low*
stage 2 iron deficiency (exhaustion of iron storage pool) - ANS -subclinical symptoms
-hemoglobin in retics is decreased, *hemogram appears normal still*
-iron deficiency erythropoiesis is occurring
-hepcidin decreased
-serum iron and ferritin decreased
-RDW, TIBC and sTRs increased
-prussian blue stain of BM is negative for iron
stage 3 iron deficiency (frank anemia) - ANS -patient exhibits fatigue, weakness, pallor,
glossitis, koilonychia and pica
-*H/H decreased*
-*hypochromic/ microcytic anemia*
-FEP, TIBC and sTR increased
-ferritin, hepcidin and serum iron decreased
sideroblastic anemia - ANS -iron deposits in the mitochondria of erythroblast cells in the
bone marrow interfere with biosynthesis of heme
-caused by genetic inheritance of drugs/ bone marrow toxins (*lead*, antibiotics,
chemotherapeutics)
-*ringed sideroblasts* are highly indicative of the disease
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
Iron absorption - ANS -ferric iron is taken in from diet
-ferric iron is reduced by duodenal cytochrome B to become ferrous iron
-ferrous iron is absorbed into enterocytes by DMT 1
-absorbed iron is stored as ferritin, or sent into portal hepatic circulation and carried by
transferrin to developing RBCs
transferrin - ANS plasma carrier protein for ferrous iron
high iron level regulation - ANS -hepcidin is released from hepatocytes
-ferroportin is inactivated, leading to decreased iron being transported into circulation
low iron level regulation - ANS -hepcidin is down regulated by hepatocytes
-ferroportin becomes activated and transports iron out of the enterocytes and into circulation
dietary iron sources - ANS red meat, legumes, dark leafy vegetables, whole grains
ferrous iron - ANS the form of iron that is able to be utilized in the body for developing red
cells
prussian blue stain - ANS stain that is used to identify iron in tissues and bone marrow
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, thomas plot - ANS a chart that is used to compare soluble transferrin receptors/ log ferritin to
hemoglobin concentration of reticulocytes to identify the iron status of the patient
-iron status is used to correlate to certain diseases/ anemias
stage 1 iron deficiency (progressive loss of storage iron) - ANS -asymptomatic
-RBCs develop normally
-*serum ferritin low*
stage 2 iron deficiency (exhaustion of iron storage pool) - ANS -subclinical symptoms
-hemoglobin in retics is decreased, *hemogram appears normal still*
-iron deficiency erythropoiesis is occurring
-hepcidin decreased
-serum iron and ferritin decreased
-RDW, TIBC and sTRs increased
-prussian blue stain of BM is negative for iron
stage 3 iron deficiency (frank anemia) - ANS -patient exhibits fatigue, weakness, pallor,
glossitis, koilonychia and pica
-*H/H decreased*
-*hypochromic/ microcytic anemia*
-FEP, TIBC and sTR increased
-ferritin, hepcidin and serum iron decreased
sideroblastic anemia - ANS -iron deposits in the mitochondria of erythroblast cells in the
bone marrow interfere with biosynthesis of heme
-caused by genetic inheritance of drugs/ bone marrow toxins (*lead*, antibiotics,
chemotherapeutics)
-*ringed sideroblasts* are highly indicative of the disease
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
