Page | 1
UTA A&P II CH. 21 BLOOD VESSELS &
HEMODYNAMICS 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Signs & Symptoms Shock - correct answer-Weak, rapid pulse
Skin cool, clammy, pale
Altered mental state
Thirst, nausea
Shock Recovery - correct answer-Short-Term Elevation of
Blood Pressure
Carotid and aortic reflexes
Increase cardiac output (increasing heart rate)
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Sympathetic nervous system further constricts arterioles
Venoconstriction improves venous return
Hormonal effects increase cardiac output
Increase peripheral vasoconstriction (E, NE, ADH, angiotensin
II)
Long-Term Restoration of Blood Volume - correct answer-
Recall of fluids from interstitial spaces
, Page | 2
Aldosterone and ADH promote fluid retention and reabsorption
Thirst increases
Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production
Hepatic Circulation - correct answer-1. tributaries from stomach
pancrease and large intestine enter through splenic vein or
superior mesenteric vein
2. liver
3. hepatic veins
4. inferior vena cava
5. heart
6. abdominal aorta
7. proper hepatic artery
8. back to liver
Pulmonary trunk - correct answer-Carries blood from right
ventricle to pulmonary circulation
Aorta - correct answer-Carries blood from left ventricle to
systemic circulation
, Page | 3
vasomotion - correct answer-blood flows intermittently through
capillaries due to alternating contraction and relaxation of
metarterioles and precapillary sphincters; caused by chemicals
released by the endothelial cells
thoroughfare channel - correct answer-distal end of vessel (in
capillary bed) with no smooth muscle (Sphincters); provides
direct root for blood to flow from arteriole to venule thus
bypassing capillaries
anastomotic vein - correct answer-double sets of veins that
escort the arteries and connect with one another via venous
channels crossing arteries in ladderlike rungs between paired
veins
transcytosis - correct answer-substances in blood plasma
become enclosed within tiny pinocytic vesicles that first enter
endothelial cells by endocytosis then move across the cell and
exit the other side by exocytosis. Used for large, lipid-insoluble
molecules that cannot cross capillary walls any other way
factors affecting how the CO becomes distributed into
circulatory routes that serve various body tissues - correct
UTA A&P II CH. 21 BLOOD VESSELS &
HEMODYNAMICS 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Signs & Symptoms Shock - correct answer-Weak, rapid pulse
Skin cool, clammy, pale
Altered mental state
Thirst, nausea
Shock Recovery - correct answer-Short-Term Elevation of
Blood Pressure
Carotid and aortic reflexes
Increase cardiac output (increasing heart rate)
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Sympathetic nervous system further constricts arterioles
Venoconstriction improves venous return
Hormonal effects increase cardiac output
Increase peripheral vasoconstriction (E, NE, ADH, angiotensin
II)
Long-Term Restoration of Blood Volume - correct answer-
Recall of fluids from interstitial spaces
, Page | 2
Aldosterone and ADH promote fluid retention and reabsorption
Thirst increases
Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production
Hepatic Circulation - correct answer-1. tributaries from stomach
pancrease and large intestine enter through splenic vein or
superior mesenteric vein
2. liver
3. hepatic veins
4. inferior vena cava
5. heart
6. abdominal aorta
7. proper hepatic artery
8. back to liver
Pulmonary trunk - correct answer-Carries blood from right
ventricle to pulmonary circulation
Aorta - correct answer-Carries blood from left ventricle to
systemic circulation
, Page | 3
vasomotion - correct answer-blood flows intermittently through
capillaries due to alternating contraction and relaxation of
metarterioles and precapillary sphincters; caused by chemicals
released by the endothelial cells
thoroughfare channel - correct answer-distal end of vessel (in
capillary bed) with no smooth muscle (Sphincters); provides
direct root for blood to flow from arteriole to venule thus
bypassing capillaries
anastomotic vein - correct answer-double sets of veins that
escort the arteries and connect with one another via venous
channels crossing arteries in ladderlike rungs between paired
veins
transcytosis - correct answer-substances in blood plasma
become enclosed within tiny pinocytic vesicles that first enter
endothelial cells by endocytosis then move across the cell and
exit the other side by exocytosis. Used for large, lipid-insoluble
molecules that cannot cross capillary walls any other way
factors affecting how the CO becomes distributed into
circulatory routes that serve various body tissues - correct
