Microbiology The Human Experience Chapter 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffwloo
1. mycobacterium ancient human disease of which traces of the disease are found in 4K year old
tuberculosis mummies; In 1944 the first antibiotic, streptomycin, was used to cure the disease;
it has one of the thickest cell walls of any bacterium allowing them to survive for
days in air or water; transmission occurs when an infected person sneezes or talks
and someone else breathes that in
2. pathogens causative agents of diseases which are the principal cause of human mortality
3. microbe a species of living organisms that requires a microscope to be seen; single-cells,
filaments, biofilms or simple differentiated structures; each contain the capacity to
reproduce its own kind; some can be seen with the naked eye (some protists and
algae)
4. microbial ______ infections remain the world's leading cause of death in humans; only a
small but critical part of these are pathogens
5. benefits microbial ____ include: the air we breath (n2, o2, co2), nitrogen fixation for plants,
essential vitamins (b12), primary producers of food webs (ocean), food produc-
tion/preservation, mining for precious minerals, medicine, microscopic robots
6. species classified as members according to a shared set of genes and traits
7. prokaryotes microbes that lack a membrane-bound nucleus (bacteria and archaea)different
outer coat, cell wall, NO nucleus, has flagelum. material in cytoplasm.
8. eukaryotes cells containing a nucleus (fungi, protozoa, and algae)
, Microbiology The Human Experience Chapter 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffwloo
9. genome total DNA sequence content of each organism
10. relatedness (ge- how microbes are classified; important for understanding how microbes respond
netic) to treatment; calculated by comparing the DNA sequence in the genome
11. bacteria prokaryotic cells, usually 0.2-20 um in size (Escherichia coli). Are cells lacking a
nucleus (prokaryotes). That grow in all habitats. Most human-associated species
are harmless, but some cause disease.
12. archaea genetically distinct prokaryotes of which none are disease-causing due to the
absence of pathogenesis (extremophiles, methanogens) are nonbacterial cells
that lack a nucleus (prokaryotes) and are distantly related to other microbes.
Methanogens live in the human intestine (among other places), where their
metabolism releases methane. No archaea cause disease.
13. eukaryotic mi- heterotrophic organisms containing a nucleus (protists such as algae or protozoa
crobes and fungi)
14. protozoa protist class of eukaryotic microbes; motile heterotrophs which are usually sin-
gle-celled (ameba)
15. algae protist class of eukaryotic microbes; motile heterotrophs containing chloroplast
that conduct photosynthesis (diatoms and chlorophyta); essential base of the food
web but overgrowth (blooms) can poison fish
16. fungi usually non-motile heterotrophic organisms which grow by absorbing nutrients
from their surroundings (single-celled [yeast], filaments [bread mold], complex
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffwloo
1. mycobacterium ancient human disease of which traces of the disease are found in 4K year old
tuberculosis mummies; In 1944 the first antibiotic, streptomycin, was used to cure the disease;
it has one of the thickest cell walls of any bacterium allowing them to survive for
days in air or water; transmission occurs when an infected person sneezes or talks
and someone else breathes that in
2. pathogens causative agents of diseases which are the principal cause of human mortality
3. microbe a species of living organisms that requires a microscope to be seen; single-cells,
filaments, biofilms or simple differentiated structures; each contain the capacity to
reproduce its own kind; some can be seen with the naked eye (some protists and
algae)
4. microbial ______ infections remain the world's leading cause of death in humans; only a
small but critical part of these are pathogens
5. benefits microbial ____ include: the air we breath (n2, o2, co2), nitrogen fixation for plants,
essential vitamins (b12), primary producers of food webs (ocean), food produc-
tion/preservation, mining for precious minerals, medicine, microscopic robots
6. species classified as members according to a shared set of genes and traits
7. prokaryotes microbes that lack a membrane-bound nucleus (bacteria and archaea)different
outer coat, cell wall, NO nucleus, has flagelum. material in cytoplasm.
8. eukaryotes cells containing a nucleus (fungi, protozoa, and algae)
, Microbiology The Human Experience Chapter 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffwloo
9. genome total DNA sequence content of each organism
10. relatedness (ge- how microbes are classified; important for understanding how microbes respond
netic) to treatment; calculated by comparing the DNA sequence in the genome
11. bacteria prokaryotic cells, usually 0.2-20 um in size (Escherichia coli). Are cells lacking a
nucleus (prokaryotes). That grow in all habitats. Most human-associated species
are harmless, but some cause disease.
12. archaea genetically distinct prokaryotes of which none are disease-causing due to the
absence of pathogenesis (extremophiles, methanogens) are nonbacterial cells
that lack a nucleus (prokaryotes) and are distantly related to other microbes.
Methanogens live in the human intestine (among other places), where their
metabolism releases methane. No archaea cause disease.
13. eukaryotic mi- heterotrophic organisms containing a nucleus (protists such as algae or protozoa
crobes and fungi)
14. protozoa protist class of eukaryotic microbes; motile heterotrophs which are usually sin-
gle-celled (ameba)
15. algae protist class of eukaryotic microbes; motile heterotrophs containing chloroplast
that conduct photosynthesis (diatoms and chlorophyta); essential base of the food
web but overgrowth (blooms) can poison fish
16. fungi usually non-motile heterotrophic organisms which grow by absorbing nutrients
from their surroundings (single-celled [yeast], filaments [bread mold], complex
