FCCN Level 1 Exam with Questions and Answers – 100% Solved
3 components of stroke volume - ✔✔✔-preload = blood volume
afterload = resistance (how clamped or dilated the vessels are)
contractility = Squeeze of the heart
4 phases of AKI - ✔✔✔-- onset
- oliguric
- diuretic = indicates return of tubular function
- recovery
ACE inhibitors - ✔✔✔-- initial dose can drop BP dramatically
- subsequent double dosing shold not drop the BP significantly
-- BP is not a good parameter for finding effective dose for HF patient
acute kidney injury - ✔✔✔-- decreased kidney function within 48 hrs
- UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr for 6 to 12 hrs
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ✔✔✔-- water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - ✔✔✔-- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum
osmolality
,FCCN Level 1 Exam with Questions and Answers – 100% Solved
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ✔✔✔-- cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
assessment for postrenal failure - ✔✔✔-- oliguric or anuric
- fluid excess
assessment for prerenal renal failure - ✔✔✔-- oliguria
- fluid deficit (hypotension, tachycardia, dry membranes, weak, change in LOC)
AV fistula - ✔✔✔-- listen for bruit
- feel for thrill
- requires 2 to 3 months to heal before using
- lasts longest
, FCCN Level 1 Exam with Questions and Answers – 100% Solved
- fewest infections
- fewest clotting problems
AV graft - ✔✔✔-- synthetic graft material that connects artery to vein
- 4 to 8 weeks to heal
- increased risk for clotting and infection
best time for blood transfusion to dialysis pt - ✔✔✔-- during dialysis
blood - ✔✔✔-- not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
blood pressure pitfalls - ✔✔✔-- insensitive sign of early shock
- must compare to patient baseline
- first BP should always be done manually
*just because you have a BP does not mean the body is being perfused
calcium channel blockers - dihydropyridines - ✔✔✔-- potent vasodilators that do not normally
effect contractility or conduction
- nifedipine
- clevidipine
calcium channel blockers - non dihydropyridines - ✔✔✔-- effect the AV node and are used to
treat HTN and cardiac arrhythmias
3 components of stroke volume - ✔✔✔-preload = blood volume
afterload = resistance (how clamped or dilated the vessels are)
contractility = Squeeze of the heart
4 phases of AKI - ✔✔✔-- onset
- oliguric
- diuretic = indicates return of tubular function
- recovery
ACE inhibitors - ✔✔✔-- initial dose can drop BP dramatically
- subsequent double dosing shold not drop the BP significantly
-- BP is not a good parameter for finding effective dose for HF patient
acute kidney injury - ✔✔✔-- decreased kidney function within 48 hrs
- UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr for 6 to 12 hrs
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ✔✔✔-- water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - ✔✔✔-- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum
osmolality
,FCCN Level 1 Exam with Questions and Answers – 100% Solved
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ✔✔✔-- cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
assessment for postrenal failure - ✔✔✔-- oliguric or anuric
- fluid excess
assessment for prerenal renal failure - ✔✔✔-- oliguria
- fluid deficit (hypotension, tachycardia, dry membranes, weak, change in LOC)
AV fistula - ✔✔✔-- listen for bruit
- feel for thrill
- requires 2 to 3 months to heal before using
- lasts longest
, FCCN Level 1 Exam with Questions and Answers – 100% Solved
- fewest infections
- fewest clotting problems
AV graft - ✔✔✔-- synthetic graft material that connects artery to vein
- 4 to 8 weeks to heal
- increased risk for clotting and infection
best time for blood transfusion to dialysis pt - ✔✔✔-- during dialysis
blood - ✔✔✔-- not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
blood pressure pitfalls - ✔✔✔-- insensitive sign of early shock
- must compare to patient baseline
- first BP should always be done manually
*just because you have a BP does not mean the body is being perfused
calcium channel blockers - dihydropyridines - ✔✔✔-- potent vasodilators that do not normally
effect contractility or conduction
- nifedipine
- clevidipine
calcium channel blockers - non dihydropyridines - ✔✔✔-- effect the AV node and are used to
treat HTN and cardiac arrhythmias
