OCN – Practice Tests Study Guide Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
A 20-year-old woman with a family history of BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer asks when she
should have a mammogram. The nurse recommends:
A. talking with her doctor about the benefits and limitations of starting screening early.
B. having a yearly mammogram beginning at the age of 35.
C. having a breast ultrasound after the birth of her first child.
D. screening to begin at the age of her family member's diagnosis. - ✔✔✔-A. talking with her
doctor about the benefits and limitations of starting screening early.
Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age 40. Women at increased risk (e.g., family
history, genetic tendency, past history of breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the
benefits and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having additional tests, or
having more frequent exams.
A 21-year-old patient recently withdrew from college classes secondary to cancer recurrence.
His parents report that the patient is moody and is no longer seeing friends and classmates. The
nurse initiates strategies aimed at achieving which of the following patient outcomes?
A. Participation in a clinical trial
B. Maintenance of open communication
C. Re-enrollment in college courses
D. Recognition of self-destructive behaviors - ✔✔✔-B. Maintenance of open communication
Providing open communication between the patient and parents facilitates support and
validation of feelings.
A 62-year-old patient with CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse presents with a
left ejection fraction of 40%. The nurse anticipates an order for:
,OCN – Practice Tests Study Guide Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
A. gemtuzumab ozogamicin.
B. all-trans retinoic acid.
C. cytarabine.
D. rituximab. - ✔✔✔-A. gemtuzumab ozogamicin
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is used for the treatment of relapsed CD33-positive acute myeloid
leukemia in patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age, who would not be considered
candidates for cytotoxic chemotherapy.
A 69-year-old patient who received chemotherapy seven days ago calls the nurse to report a
temperature of 101°F (38.3°C) and lightheadedness. The nurse determines the patient is
dyspneic and diaphoretic. The nurse's initial response is to instruct the patient to:
A. take acetaminophen.
B. recheck his temperature in two hours.
C. report to the emergency department.
D. call for an ambulance. - ✔✔✔-D. call for an ambulance.
The time at which chemotherapy exerts its maximum effect on the bone marrow and the white
blood count reaches its lowest point is the nadir. This usually occurs within 7 to 10 days after
administration. Patients are most susceptible to infections at this time due to neutropenia. In a
neutropenic patient, infection may rapidly progress to sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response
to microorganisms in the blood. Early signs of sepsis include fever, chills, and tachypnea.
Patients over the age of 65 are at greater risk. Untreated sepsis can result in septic shock and
death. Immediate reporting of symptoms and medical management is necessary.
A nurse mistakenly administers a long-acting morphine tablet instead of the prescribed long-
acting oxycodone. What is the nurse's next step?
,OCN – Practice Tests Study Guide Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
A. Continue to monitor the patient closely for the next eight hours.
B. Hold all further medications for the patient.
C. Notify the patient and physician of the error.
D. Call the risk management department to guide documentation. - ✔✔✔-C. Notify the patient
and physician of the error.
When errors occur that could cause a possible injury to the patient, explanation of the error and
possible long and short term effects should be explained. It is important that the nurse offer full
disclosure of the event, and the steps to be taken.
A patient expresses anger about his diagnosis of cancer and the need to receive his first
chemotherapy treatment. The nurse's best response is to:
A. initiate a referral to a social worker.
B. call the physician and ask for the treatment to be delayed.
C. explain to the patient that the doctor ordered treatment to start today.
D. suggest ways for the patient to participate in the treatment plan. - ✔✔✔-D. suggest ways for
the patient to participate in the treatment plan.
Loss of personal control is perceived as lacking the ability to control events that affect life style
and goals. Both disease and treatment are considered risk factors for a loss of personal control.
Personal control can be maintained through verbalization of feelings and participation in care.
A patient has signed a consent form prior to beginning chemotherapy, and has questions
regarding treatment. The nurse:
A. addresses the patient's concerns prior to initiating treatment.
, OCN – Practice Tests Study Guide Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
B. asks the healthcare provider to discuss the treatment with the patient.
C. ensures that the consent is signed and begins the treatment.
D. begins administration while discussing the treatment with the patient. - ✔✔✔-A. addresses
the patient's concerns prior to initiating treatment
As a patient advocate, the nurse should encourage the patient to ask questions and provide the
patient with information needed to make decisions. Informed consent involves ensuring a
thorough understanding of the treatment by a patient and includes the right to withdraw
consent at anytime. One of the roles of the nurse in the informed consent process is to reinforce
and clarify info already presented.
A patient has the following laboratory values: white blood cell count 2100 mm3; neutrophils,
segmented 23%; neutrophils, band 6%; hemoglobin 8.9 g/dl; and, platelets 100,000 mm 3. The
nurse's initial patient teaching includes:
A. washing hands frequently.
B. using an electric razor.
C. avoiding trauma.
D. taking daily stool softeners. - ✔✔✔-A. washing hands frequently
There are many nonpharmacologic interventions for the prevention of infection. Handwashing
remains the single most important intervention to prevent infection.
A patient in remission complains of dysthymic behaviors for the past several weeks. The nurse
knows to assess for:
A. recurrence of disease.
B. cognitive learning.
Solved
A 20-year-old woman with a family history of BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer asks when she
should have a mammogram. The nurse recommends:
A. talking with her doctor about the benefits and limitations of starting screening early.
B. having a yearly mammogram beginning at the age of 35.
C. having a breast ultrasound after the birth of her first child.
D. screening to begin at the age of her family member's diagnosis. - ✔✔✔-A. talking with her
doctor about the benefits and limitations of starting screening early.
Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age 40. Women at increased risk (e.g., family
history, genetic tendency, past history of breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the
benefits and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having additional tests, or
having more frequent exams.
A 21-year-old patient recently withdrew from college classes secondary to cancer recurrence.
His parents report that the patient is moody and is no longer seeing friends and classmates. The
nurse initiates strategies aimed at achieving which of the following patient outcomes?
A. Participation in a clinical trial
B. Maintenance of open communication
C. Re-enrollment in college courses
D. Recognition of self-destructive behaviors - ✔✔✔-B. Maintenance of open communication
Providing open communication between the patient and parents facilitates support and
validation of feelings.
A 62-year-old patient with CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse presents with a
left ejection fraction of 40%. The nurse anticipates an order for:
,OCN – Practice Tests Study Guide Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
A. gemtuzumab ozogamicin.
B. all-trans retinoic acid.
C. cytarabine.
D. rituximab. - ✔✔✔-A. gemtuzumab ozogamicin
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is used for the treatment of relapsed CD33-positive acute myeloid
leukemia in patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age, who would not be considered
candidates for cytotoxic chemotherapy.
A 69-year-old patient who received chemotherapy seven days ago calls the nurse to report a
temperature of 101°F (38.3°C) and lightheadedness. The nurse determines the patient is
dyspneic and diaphoretic. The nurse's initial response is to instruct the patient to:
A. take acetaminophen.
B. recheck his temperature in two hours.
C. report to the emergency department.
D. call for an ambulance. - ✔✔✔-D. call for an ambulance.
The time at which chemotherapy exerts its maximum effect on the bone marrow and the white
blood count reaches its lowest point is the nadir. This usually occurs within 7 to 10 days after
administration. Patients are most susceptible to infections at this time due to neutropenia. In a
neutropenic patient, infection may rapidly progress to sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response
to microorganisms in the blood. Early signs of sepsis include fever, chills, and tachypnea.
Patients over the age of 65 are at greater risk. Untreated sepsis can result in septic shock and
death. Immediate reporting of symptoms and medical management is necessary.
A nurse mistakenly administers a long-acting morphine tablet instead of the prescribed long-
acting oxycodone. What is the nurse's next step?
,OCN – Practice Tests Study Guide Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
A. Continue to monitor the patient closely for the next eight hours.
B. Hold all further medications for the patient.
C. Notify the patient and physician of the error.
D. Call the risk management department to guide documentation. - ✔✔✔-C. Notify the patient
and physician of the error.
When errors occur that could cause a possible injury to the patient, explanation of the error and
possible long and short term effects should be explained. It is important that the nurse offer full
disclosure of the event, and the steps to be taken.
A patient expresses anger about his diagnosis of cancer and the need to receive his first
chemotherapy treatment. The nurse's best response is to:
A. initiate a referral to a social worker.
B. call the physician and ask for the treatment to be delayed.
C. explain to the patient that the doctor ordered treatment to start today.
D. suggest ways for the patient to participate in the treatment plan. - ✔✔✔-D. suggest ways for
the patient to participate in the treatment plan.
Loss of personal control is perceived as lacking the ability to control events that affect life style
and goals. Both disease and treatment are considered risk factors for a loss of personal control.
Personal control can be maintained through verbalization of feelings and participation in care.
A patient has signed a consent form prior to beginning chemotherapy, and has questions
regarding treatment. The nurse:
A. addresses the patient's concerns prior to initiating treatment.
, OCN – Practice Tests Study Guide Exam with Questions and Answers – 100%
Solved
B. asks the healthcare provider to discuss the treatment with the patient.
C. ensures that the consent is signed and begins the treatment.
D. begins administration while discussing the treatment with the patient. - ✔✔✔-A. addresses
the patient's concerns prior to initiating treatment
As a patient advocate, the nurse should encourage the patient to ask questions and provide the
patient with information needed to make decisions. Informed consent involves ensuring a
thorough understanding of the treatment by a patient and includes the right to withdraw
consent at anytime. One of the roles of the nurse in the informed consent process is to reinforce
and clarify info already presented.
A patient has the following laboratory values: white blood cell count 2100 mm3; neutrophils,
segmented 23%; neutrophils, band 6%; hemoglobin 8.9 g/dl; and, platelets 100,000 mm 3. The
nurse's initial patient teaching includes:
A. washing hands frequently.
B. using an electric razor.
C. avoiding trauma.
D. taking daily stool softeners. - ✔✔✔-A. washing hands frequently
There are many nonpharmacologic interventions for the prevention of infection. Handwashing
remains the single most important intervention to prevent infection.
A patient in remission complains of dysthymic behaviors for the past several weeks. The nurse
knows to assess for:
A. recurrence of disease.
B. cognitive learning.
