SPCE 609 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ACCURATE ANSWERS
In ________ experimental designs, the focus is on the behavior of the group, not the
individual - Answers - group
In group experimental designs, _________ are used to decide if behavior changed
when the IV was manipulated - Answers - inferential statistics
In a _________ experimental design, the focus is on the behavior of the individual, not
the group - Answers - single-subject
When an experiment demonstrated that behavior changed because the IV was
manipulated, the experiment has high - Answers - internal validity
If another variable changed when the IV was manipulated, the other variable could
explain why behavior changed. This variable is a _______ - Answers - confound
Good experiments are those that can rule out confounds and have high ________ -
Answers - internal validity
When confounds cannot be ruled out, the experiment has _____ internal validity -
Answers - low
In the _______ design, behavior is compared between a baseline and single
intervention - Answers - comparison (A-B)
Comparison designs are often referred to as quasi-experimental designs because they
do not rule out ______ by repeatedly demonstrating that the IV has a systematic effect
on behavior - Answers - confounds
This graph shows a systematic increasing ______ in behavior. - Answers - trend
If the IV cannot be manipulated, how would this impact the baseline trend? - Answers -
It will continue
In a single-subject experimental design, it is always true that the individual will
experience the ________ and _______ phases - Answers - baseline; experimental
In a single-subject experiment, internal validity is assessed through _______ - Answers
- replication
, The _______ design is used either when it would be unethical to turn off the IV of it
produces an irreversible effect - Answers - multiple-baseline
Two of the single-subject experimental designs establish internal validity by turning ON
and OFF the IV. These are... - Answers - Reversal (A-B-A) design
Alternating treatments design
In a _______ design, the effects of the IV may be replicated across behaviors,
situations, or individuals - Answers - multiple-baseline
Look at the graph and determine...
1. If the baseline data is trending up, down, or stable?
2. Is there a lot of bounce?
3. How confident you are that the trend would continue in the absence of the IV -
Answers - 1. down
2. no
3. confident
Based on the graph...
1. which experimental design was used?
2. How much variability is there in the 1st baseline trend?
3. Did the trend convincingly change with intervention?
4. Is there a convincing change in level by the end of the intervention?
5. did the trend change from the intervention phase to the final baseline? - Answers - 1.
reversal (A-B-A)
2. little
3. yes
4. yes
5. yes
A functional relation between an IV and a behavior may indicate that when the IV was
____ behavior increased and when the IV was ______ behavior decreased. - Answers -
ON; OFF
In multiple baseline experiments, the ________ introductions of the IV help in evaluating
the internal validity of the experiment - Answers - time-staggered
Weaknesses of group experimental designs - Answers - when the IV is therapeutic, who
wants to be a control?
not observing individual behavior (which is important in ABA interventions)
behavior between groups will naturally differ without an IV
relies on inferential statistics
Internal validity - Answers - when an experiment has clear evidence that a functional
relationship exists between the IV and the behavior change
ACCURATE ANSWERS
In ________ experimental designs, the focus is on the behavior of the group, not the
individual - Answers - group
In group experimental designs, _________ are used to decide if behavior changed
when the IV was manipulated - Answers - inferential statistics
In a _________ experimental design, the focus is on the behavior of the individual, not
the group - Answers - single-subject
When an experiment demonstrated that behavior changed because the IV was
manipulated, the experiment has high - Answers - internal validity
If another variable changed when the IV was manipulated, the other variable could
explain why behavior changed. This variable is a _______ - Answers - confound
Good experiments are those that can rule out confounds and have high ________ -
Answers - internal validity
When confounds cannot be ruled out, the experiment has _____ internal validity -
Answers - low
In the _______ design, behavior is compared between a baseline and single
intervention - Answers - comparison (A-B)
Comparison designs are often referred to as quasi-experimental designs because they
do not rule out ______ by repeatedly demonstrating that the IV has a systematic effect
on behavior - Answers - confounds
This graph shows a systematic increasing ______ in behavior. - Answers - trend
If the IV cannot be manipulated, how would this impact the baseline trend? - Answers -
It will continue
In a single-subject experimental design, it is always true that the individual will
experience the ________ and _______ phases - Answers - baseline; experimental
In a single-subject experiment, internal validity is assessed through _______ - Answers
- replication
, The _______ design is used either when it would be unethical to turn off the IV of it
produces an irreversible effect - Answers - multiple-baseline
Two of the single-subject experimental designs establish internal validity by turning ON
and OFF the IV. These are... - Answers - Reversal (A-B-A) design
Alternating treatments design
In a _______ design, the effects of the IV may be replicated across behaviors,
situations, or individuals - Answers - multiple-baseline
Look at the graph and determine...
1. If the baseline data is trending up, down, or stable?
2. Is there a lot of bounce?
3. How confident you are that the trend would continue in the absence of the IV -
Answers - 1. down
2. no
3. confident
Based on the graph...
1. which experimental design was used?
2. How much variability is there in the 1st baseline trend?
3. Did the trend convincingly change with intervention?
4. Is there a convincing change in level by the end of the intervention?
5. did the trend change from the intervention phase to the final baseline? - Answers - 1.
reversal (A-B-A)
2. little
3. yes
4. yes
5. yes
A functional relation between an IV and a behavior may indicate that when the IV was
____ behavior increased and when the IV was ______ behavior decreased. - Answers -
ON; OFF
In multiple baseline experiments, the ________ introductions of the IV help in evaluating
the internal validity of the experiment - Answers - time-staggered
Weaknesses of group experimental designs - Answers - when the IV is therapeutic, who
wants to be a control?
not observing individual behavior (which is important in ABA interventions)
behavior between groups will naturally differ without an IV
relies on inferential statistics
Internal validity - Answers - when an experiment has clear evidence that a functional
relationship exists between the IV and the behavior change
