CNSL 503 MODULE 1 PROBLEM SET FINAL
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ ratio (category + order + equal distance between points + absolute zero).
Answer: contains ordered values that are the same distance apart; does
contain an absolute, meaningful zero; values can be divided in a meaningful
way; cannot have negative values
◍ controlled variable.
Answer: variable that remains unchanged throughout the experiement
◍ What is the relationship between a sample and a population?.
Answer: A population includes every member within a particular group,
whereas a sample is a smaller subset of a given population.
◍ independent variable.
Answer: variable that is manipulated; variable that is the cause
◍ 3 importances of statistics.
Answer: 1. allows to be described and communicated sufficiently and
concisely 2. allows to draw inferences about data3. equips with necessary
tools to make everyday decisions
◍ Suppose you want to study the effects of a genetically modified diet on the
weight of dogs.Give at least 3 examples of extraneous variables.Explain
why the variables are extraneous.Why is important to identify extraneous
variables in an experimental study?.
Answer: 1. Activity level: Dogs given more space and opportunity for
exercise may burn more calories, thus affecting the weight.2. Genetics:
Different breeds of dogs may be prone to gain weight at different weights.3.
Environment: Whether a dog is kept inside or outside may impact
, weight.Extraneous variables may have an effect on the dependent variable
and could skew the results of the experiment. They may also lead the
researcher to draw incorrect conclusions.
◍ variable.
Answer: a measurable characteristic that can vary in value
◍ Continuous variables.
Answer: Variables that can theoretically be broken down into infinitely
smaller, fractional components
◍ how to handle data collection responsibly.
Answer: is the sample biased?
◍ Define descriptive statistics.
Answer: Involves analyses that provide a way to summarize and describe
data (e.g. mean, median, mode).
◍ What is a ratio scale of measure.
Answer: Used to describe quantitative variables wherein there exists an
absolute zero (e.g. height and weight)
◍ What is an interval scale of measure.
Answer: Used to describe quantitative variables wherein an absolute or
meaningful zero does not exist (e.g. temperature)
◍ Name 3 reasons why statistics are important.
Answer: 1. Statistics allow data to be described and communicated
succinctly and concisely. 2. Statistics allow inferences to be drawn about
data, particularly when it is not feasible to collect information from all
members of a certain group.3. Statistics equip us with the necessary tools
needed to critically evaluate information.
◍ confounding variable.
Answer: an extraneous variable that can explain changes in the dependent
variable instead of the independent variable
◍ how to handle data interpretation responsibly.
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ ratio (category + order + equal distance between points + absolute zero).
Answer: contains ordered values that are the same distance apart; does
contain an absolute, meaningful zero; values can be divided in a meaningful
way; cannot have negative values
◍ controlled variable.
Answer: variable that remains unchanged throughout the experiement
◍ What is the relationship between a sample and a population?.
Answer: A population includes every member within a particular group,
whereas a sample is a smaller subset of a given population.
◍ independent variable.
Answer: variable that is manipulated; variable that is the cause
◍ 3 importances of statistics.
Answer: 1. allows to be described and communicated sufficiently and
concisely 2. allows to draw inferences about data3. equips with necessary
tools to make everyday decisions
◍ Suppose you want to study the effects of a genetically modified diet on the
weight of dogs.Give at least 3 examples of extraneous variables.Explain
why the variables are extraneous.Why is important to identify extraneous
variables in an experimental study?.
Answer: 1. Activity level: Dogs given more space and opportunity for
exercise may burn more calories, thus affecting the weight.2. Genetics:
Different breeds of dogs may be prone to gain weight at different weights.3.
Environment: Whether a dog is kept inside or outside may impact
, weight.Extraneous variables may have an effect on the dependent variable
and could skew the results of the experiment. They may also lead the
researcher to draw incorrect conclusions.
◍ variable.
Answer: a measurable characteristic that can vary in value
◍ Continuous variables.
Answer: Variables that can theoretically be broken down into infinitely
smaller, fractional components
◍ how to handle data collection responsibly.
Answer: is the sample biased?
◍ Define descriptive statistics.
Answer: Involves analyses that provide a way to summarize and describe
data (e.g. mean, median, mode).
◍ What is a ratio scale of measure.
Answer: Used to describe quantitative variables wherein there exists an
absolute zero (e.g. height and weight)
◍ What is an interval scale of measure.
Answer: Used to describe quantitative variables wherein an absolute or
meaningful zero does not exist (e.g. temperature)
◍ Name 3 reasons why statistics are important.
Answer: 1. Statistics allow data to be described and communicated
succinctly and concisely. 2. Statistics allow inferences to be drawn about
data, particularly when it is not feasible to collect information from all
members of a certain group.3. Statistics equip us with the necessary tools
needed to critically evaluate information.
◍ confounding variable.
Answer: an extraneous variable that can explain changes in the dependent
variable instead of the independent variable
◍ how to handle data interpretation responsibly.
