Fresenius PCT Ultimate Exam Pack |
Realistic Exam Questions and Detailed
Answers with Comprehensive Solutions
2026/2027 (Already Passed A+)
• What does KeCN stand for? -✓✓Clearance Effective by Conductivity Sodium
• What are the MAJOR goals of Dialysis? -✓✓To remove waste that the kidney
would normally filter, remove excess water, and to regulate electrolytes.
• What can lead to Hemolysis? -✓✓Incorrect conductivity, Chlorine or Chloramine
breakthrough, High machine temps, and Kinks in the blood line.
• What are some symptoms of Crenation? -✓✓Shortness of Breath, Thirst, and
Chest Pain
• What are some things that can cause an Air Embloism? -✓✓Improperly primed
blood lines, Empty saline bag, Unclammped Saline Line, Air Leak in blood lines,
ect.
• What is an Infiltration? -✓✓Fluid seepage into the surrounding tissue resulting in
pain and swelling.
• How do you treat Infiltration? -✓✓Treat with intermittent ice for 24 hours.
Followed by intermittent heat and ice as needed.
• What vaccine(s) provides long term immunity to Hep B? -✓✓Recombivax or
Engerix-B
• Signs and Symptoms of Air Embloism? -✓✓Signs: Coughing
Symptoms: Chest Pain and SOB
• What is Hepatitis? -✓✓Inflammation of the liver
• Where do Hep B patients sit in the Dialysis Unit? -✓✓In the Isolation Room
, • What are the 3 blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit? -
✓✓Hep B - Hep C- HIV
• How long can Hep B live on surfaces? -✓✓7 Days
• What precautions are taken when caring for MRSA/VRE patients? -✓✓Wear full
PPE.
* NO ISOLATION NEEDED*
• What is an air embolism? -✓✓when one or more air bubbles enter a vein or artery
and block it.
• What is crenation? -✓✓Shriveling of red blood cells. Caused by too HIGH
concentration of sodium in dialysate.
• For post treatment lab work, what must the BFR be turned down to and how
long? -✓✓BFR=100 for 15 seconds.
• What lab is evaluated to determine adequacy of treatment? -✓✓BUN levels.
• What happens when conductivity is high? -✓✓Blood cells will Crenate.
• What is Hemolhysis? -✓✓Repture of red blood cells.
• What is convection? -✓✓transfer of heat and solutes in a liquid.
• What does Convection do in Dialysis? -✓✓Solutes move across the dialyzer
membrane with the movement or "drag" of water.
***more water removed - more solutes are removed***
• What is Hemolysis caused by? -✓✓HYPOtonic solutions, High temps, Chemical
exposure, Kinks in blood line
• Why do paitents become Hypoglycemic? -✓✓Blood sugars are removed during
treatment.
Realistic Exam Questions and Detailed
Answers with Comprehensive Solutions
2026/2027 (Already Passed A+)
• What does KeCN stand for? -✓✓Clearance Effective by Conductivity Sodium
• What are the MAJOR goals of Dialysis? -✓✓To remove waste that the kidney
would normally filter, remove excess water, and to regulate electrolytes.
• What can lead to Hemolysis? -✓✓Incorrect conductivity, Chlorine or Chloramine
breakthrough, High machine temps, and Kinks in the blood line.
• What are some symptoms of Crenation? -✓✓Shortness of Breath, Thirst, and
Chest Pain
• What are some things that can cause an Air Embloism? -✓✓Improperly primed
blood lines, Empty saline bag, Unclammped Saline Line, Air Leak in blood lines,
ect.
• What is an Infiltration? -✓✓Fluid seepage into the surrounding tissue resulting in
pain and swelling.
• How do you treat Infiltration? -✓✓Treat with intermittent ice for 24 hours.
Followed by intermittent heat and ice as needed.
• What vaccine(s) provides long term immunity to Hep B? -✓✓Recombivax or
Engerix-B
• Signs and Symptoms of Air Embloism? -✓✓Signs: Coughing
Symptoms: Chest Pain and SOB
• What is Hepatitis? -✓✓Inflammation of the liver
• Where do Hep B patients sit in the Dialysis Unit? -✓✓In the Isolation Room
, • What are the 3 blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit? -
✓✓Hep B - Hep C- HIV
• How long can Hep B live on surfaces? -✓✓7 Days
• What precautions are taken when caring for MRSA/VRE patients? -✓✓Wear full
PPE.
* NO ISOLATION NEEDED*
• What is an air embolism? -✓✓when one or more air bubbles enter a vein or artery
and block it.
• What is crenation? -✓✓Shriveling of red blood cells. Caused by too HIGH
concentration of sodium in dialysate.
• For post treatment lab work, what must the BFR be turned down to and how
long? -✓✓BFR=100 for 15 seconds.
• What lab is evaluated to determine adequacy of treatment? -✓✓BUN levels.
• What happens when conductivity is high? -✓✓Blood cells will Crenate.
• What is Hemolhysis? -✓✓Repture of red blood cells.
• What is convection? -✓✓transfer of heat and solutes in a liquid.
• What does Convection do in Dialysis? -✓✓Solutes move across the dialyzer
membrane with the movement or "drag" of water.
***more water removed - more solutes are removed***
• What is Hemolysis caused by? -✓✓HYPOtonic solutions, High temps, Chemical
exposure, Kinks in blood line
• Why do paitents become Hypoglycemic? -✓✓Blood sugars are removed during
treatment.
