PEDIATRIC ACUTE CARE BOARDS
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS 2026/2027
Tracheomalacia - ANS Congentital anomoly of the trachea, upper airway lacks cartilaginous
rigidity. Common in premature infants, previous injury,
Diagnosis of Tracheomalacia - ANS - Flexible bronchoscopy to visualize structures, may also
be used to determine level of PEEP required to keep the airway open
-CT scan to rule out aortic arch
-Fluoroscopy
Avoid which medication in tracheomalacia? - ANS Beta 2 agonists, may worsen tracheal
collapse
Epiglottitis causative organisms - ANS #1 S.aureus
Others: h.flu, s.pneumo, GAS
Epiglottitis management - ANS -Avoid noxious stimuli
-Consult ENT/anesthesia for potential intubation in the OR
-3rd generation cephalsporin or 3rd gen ceph and vanco if MRSA is prevelant in the community
Consider systemic steroids
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,RPA pathogens - ANS s. pyogenes and s. aureus
History that usually precedes a peritonsillar abscess - ANS untreated or not fully treated strep
infection
Management of a peritonsillar abscess - ANS Broad spectrum oral antibiotics for 7-10 days
(ampicillin-sulbactam or clinda)
May be drained at bedside
Corticosteroid asthma treatment length and dose - ANS 2 mg/kg for 3-5 days
magnesium dose - ANS 25 mg/kg
Avoid ( ) with asthma management - ANS overhydration
When should steroids be tapered? - ANS >5 days of therapy
Central vs obstructive causes of apnea - ANS central- immature resp center, head trauma,
toxins
obstructive- OSA, craniofacial anomolies, obesity adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy
Lung allocation score - ANS Priority I- respiratory failure or supplementary FiO2 >50% Co2
>50 pulm hypertension
Priority II- all other canidates that do not meet priority I
Contraindications to lung transplant - ANS absolute- maligency in the last 2 years,
immunodeficiency, hepatitis B or C with liver disease, neuromuscular disease, multiorgan
dysfunction
Relative- renal insufficiency, abnormal BMI, mechanical ventilation
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, How is lung transplant rejection treated? - ANS Graded A0-A4
A2 and higher- steroids
refractory- monoclonal T cell antibodies
Bronchiolitis obliternans treatment - ANS -augmentation of immunosupression
photopheresis
-lymphoid irradiation
-azithromycin
Clinical presentation/stages of pertussis - ANS cattaral (1-2 weeks)- rhinnorhea, fever, cough
Paroxymal- 1-2 weeks- paroxymal cough, decreased PO, hypoxia, gasping, apnea, hypoxia
Pertussis diagnosis - ANS -nasopharyngeal aspirate- PCR and direct flourescence antibody
most accurate. Must be sent to a state lab
-Culture
-leukocytosis on CBC- 50-80k
-Unremarkable CXR
Pertussis treatment - ANS azithromycin is standard and preferred in young infants
can also give erythromycin
supportive care
Pneumonia radiologic findings bacterial vs viral - ANS bacterial- patchy infiltrates, pleural
effusion, atalectasis
Viral- peribronchial streaking, increased interstitial markings, peribronchial cuffing
Infant > 3 mo antibiotic for pneumonia - ANS High dose amoxicillin, IV ampicillin or penicillin
School aged antibiotic for pneumonia > 5 - ANS azithromycin
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS 2026/2027
Tracheomalacia - ANS Congentital anomoly of the trachea, upper airway lacks cartilaginous
rigidity. Common in premature infants, previous injury,
Diagnosis of Tracheomalacia - ANS - Flexible bronchoscopy to visualize structures, may also
be used to determine level of PEEP required to keep the airway open
-CT scan to rule out aortic arch
-Fluoroscopy
Avoid which medication in tracheomalacia? - ANS Beta 2 agonists, may worsen tracheal
collapse
Epiglottitis causative organisms - ANS #1 S.aureus
Others: h.flu, s.pneumo, GAS
Epiglottitis management - ANS -Avoid noxious stimuli
-Consult ENT/anesthesia for potential intubation in the OR
-3rd generation cephalsporin or 3rd gen ceph and vanco if MRSA is prevelant in the community
Consider systemic steroids
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,RPA pathogens - ANS s. pyogenes and s. aureus
History that usually precedes a peritonsillar abscess - ANS untreated or not fully treated strep
infection
Management of a peritonsillar abscess - ANS Broad spectrum oral antibiotics for 7-10 days
(ampicillin-sulbactam or clinda)
May be drained at bedside
Corticosteroid asthma treatment length and dose - ANS 2 mg/kg for 3-5 days
magnesium dose - ANS 25 mg/kg
Avoid ( ) with asthma management - ANS overhydration
When should steroids be tapered? - ANS >5 days of therapy
Central vs obstructive causes of apnea - ANS central- immature resp center, head trauma,
toxins
obstructive- OSA, craniofacial anomolies, obesity adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy
Lung allocation score - ANS Priority I- respiratory failure or supplementary FiO2 >50% Co2
>50 pulm hypertension
Priority II- all other canidates that do not meet priority I
Contraindications to lung transplant - ANS absolute- maligency in the last 2 years,
immunodeficiency, hepatitis B or C with liver disease, neuromuscular disease, multiorgan
dysfunction
Relative- renal insufficiency, abnormal BMI, mechanical ventilation
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, How is lung transplant rejection treated? - ANS Graded A0-A4
A2 and higher- steroids
refractory- monoclonal T cell antibodies
Bronchiolitis obliternans treatment - ANS -augmentation of immunosupression
photopheresis
-lymphoid irradiation
-azithromycin
Clinical presentation/stages of pertussis - ANS cattaral (1-2 weeks)- rhinnorhea, fever, cough
Paroxymal- 1-2 weeks- paroxymal cough, decreased PO, hypoxia, gasping, apnea, hypoxia
Pertussis diagnosis - ANS -nasopharyngeal aspirate- PCR and direct flourescence antibody
most accurate. Must be sent to a state lab
-Culture
-leukocytosis on CBC- 50-80k
-Unremarkable CXR
Pertussis treatment - ANS azithromycin is standard and preferred in young infants
can also give erythromycin
supportive care
Pneumonia radiologic findings bacterial vs viral - ANS bacterial- patchy infiltrates, pleural
effusion, atalectasis
Viral- peribronchial streaking, increased interstitial markings, peribronchial cuffing
Infant > 3 mo antibiotic for pneumonia - ANS High dose amoxicillin, IV ampicillin or penicillin
School aged antibiotic for pneumonia > 5 - ANS azithromycin
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
