(E2) WEEK 7 PHARM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
What is left-sided heart failure? - ANS A condition where fluid backs up into the lungs,
causing pulmonary congestion and symptoms like dyspnea and cough.
What are common symptoms of left-sided heart failure? - ANS Pulmonary congestion,
dyspnea (exertional & orthopnea), cough (dry or productive), crackles/wheezes, pink frothy
sputum, fatigue, and tachypnea.
What is right-sided heart failure? - ANS A condition where fluid backs up into the body,
leading to systemic congestion and symptoms like peripheral edema and jugular venous
distention.
What are common symptoms of right-sided heart failure? - ANS Peripheral edema, jugular
venous distention (JVD), ascites, hepatomegaly, and rapid weight gain.
What is the primary goal of drug therapy for heart failure? - ANS To optimize perfusion.
What is the function of diuretics in heart failure treatment? - ANS To reduce preload,
mobilize edematous fluid, decrease pulmonary venous pressure, and reduce blood volume.
What should be monitored when a patient is on diuretics? - ANS Potassium levels (K+).
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What do ACE inhibitors do? - ANS They block the RAAS, dilate venules and arterioles,
decrease afterload, and improve renal blood flow.
What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors? - ANS Dry cough and risk of angioedema.
What is the role of ARBs in heart failure treatment? - ANS They block angiotensin II receptors,
acting as potent vasodilators with less risk of cough.
What is the mechanism of action of beta blockers? - ANS They decrease workload by blocking
the SNS effect, slowing heart rate, and reducing myocardial oxygen demand.
What should be monitored before administering beta blockers? - ANS Apical pulse for 1
minute and blood pressure.
What are the risks of abruptly stopping beta blockers? - ANS Rebound hypertension, angina,
or myocardial infarction (MI).
What is digoxin used for in heart failure? - ANS To increase the force of contraction and slow
heart rate, improving cardiac output.
What is the therapeutic window for digoxin? - ANS 0.5-0.9 ng/mL.
What are signs of digoxin toxicity? - ANS Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, yellow/green halos in
vision, confusion, and fatigue.
What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity? - ANS Digoxin Immune Fab.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, What should be monitored in patients taking digoxin? - ANS Electrolytes, renal function, and
signs of toxicity.
What are the critical nursing assessments for ACE inhibitors? - ANS Monitor blood pressure,
risk for first dose hypotension, and check potassium and creatinine levels.
What is the role of cardiac glycosides? - ANS To increase cardiac output and slow heart rate.
What are common examples of ACE inhibitors? - ANS Lisinopril, enalapril, and captopril.
What are common examples of ARBs? - ANS Losartan, valsartan, and candesartan.
What is the significance of monitoring daily weights in heart failure patients? - ANS To assess
fluid retention and manage treatment effectively.
What is the impact of uncontrolled hypertension on heart failure? - ANS It can lead to heart
failure, which is why beta blockers are often prescribed.
What is hypomagnesemia? - ANS A condition characterized by low levels of magnesium in
the blood.
What is hypercalcemia? - ANS A condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the
blood.
What is the primary risk associated with loop diuretics like furosemide? - ANS Risk for
ototoxicity with high IV doses.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
What is left-sided heart failure? - ANS A condition where fluid backs up into the lungs,
causing pulmonary congestion and symptoms like dyspnea and cough.
What are common symptoms of left-sided heart failure? - ANS Pulmonary congestion,
dyspnea (exertional & orthopnea), cough (dry or productive), crackles/wheezes, pink frothy
sputum, fatigue, and tachypnea.
What is right-sided heart failure? - ANS A condition where fluid backs up into the body,
leading to systemic congestion and symptoms like peripheral edema and jugular venous
distention.
What are common symptoms of right-sided heart failure? - ANS Peripheral edema, jugular
venous distention (JVD), ascites, hepatomegaly, and rapid weight gain.
What is the primary goal of drug therapy for heart failure? - ANS To optimize perfusion.
What is the function of diuretics in heart failure treatment? - ANS To reduce preload,
mobilize edematous fluid, decrease pulmonary venous pressure, and reduce blood volume.
What should be monitored when a patient is on diuretics? - ANS Potassium levels (K+).
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What do ACE inhibitors do? - ANS They block the RAAS, dilate venules and arterioles,
decrease afterload, and improve renal blood flow.
What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors? - ANS Dry cough and risk of angioedema.
What is the role of ARBs in heart failure treatment? - ANS They block angiotensin II receptors,
acting as potent vasodilators with less risk of cough.
What is the mechanism of action of beta blockers? - ANS They decrease workload by blocking
the SNS effect, slowing heart rate, and reducing myocardial oxygen demand.
What should be monitored before administering beta blockers? - ANS Apical pulse for 1
minute and blood pressure.
What are the risks of abruptly stopping beta blockers? - ANS Rebound hypertension, angina,
or myocardial infarction (MI).
What is digoxin used for in heart failure? - ANS To increase the force of contraction and slow
heart rate, improving cardiac output.
What is the therapeutic window for digoxin? - ANS 0.5-0.9 ng/mL.
What are signs of digoxin toxicity? - ANS Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, yellow/green halos in
vision, confusion, and fatigue.
What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity? - ANS Digoxin Immune Fab.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, What should be monitored in patients taking digoxin? - ANS Electrolytes, renal function, and
signs of toxicity.
What are the critical nursing assessments for ACE inhibitors? - ANS Monitor blood pressure,
risk for first dose hypotension, and check potassium and creatinine levels.
What is the role of cardiac glycosides? - ANS To increase cardiac output and slow heart rate.
What are common examples of ACE inhibitors? - ANS Lisinopril, enalapril, and captopril.
What are common examples of ARBs? - ANS Losartan, valsartan, and candesartan.
What is the significance of monitoring daily weights in heart failure patients? - ANS To assess
fluid retention and manage treatment effectively.
What is the impact of uncontrolled hypertension on heart failure? - ANS It can lead to heart
failure, which is why beta blockers are often prescribed.
What is hypomagnesemia? - ANS A condition characterized by low levels of magnesium in
the blood.
What is hypercalcemia? - ANS A condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the
blood.
What is the primary risk associated with loop diuretics like furosemide? - ANS Risk for
ototoxicity with high IV doses.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
