EDMUND'S PHARMACOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medical
schools? - ANS Changes in Medicare reimbursement methods recommended in 1992
Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians? -
ANS The dominant form of drug information used by primary care physicians continues to be
that provided by pharmaceutical companies
As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as prescribers of
medications, it will be important to: - ANS learn from the experiences of physicians and
develop expertise based on evidence-based practice.
A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out of the
federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this defines how NPs
may write prescriptions: - ANS as CRNAs without physician supervision in a hospital setting.
CRNAs in most states: - ANS order and administer controlled substances but do not have full
prescriptive authority.
A CNM: - ANS has prescriptive authority in all 50 states.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,In every state, prescriptive authority for NPs includes the ability to write prescriptions: -
ANS for specified classifications of medications.
The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that: -
ANS NPs will be better prepared to meet emerging health care needs of patients.
An important difference between physician assistants (PAs) and NPs is PAs: - ANS always work
under physician supervision.
To increase the likelihood of successful pharmacotherapy, when teaching a patient about using
a medication, the primary care nurse practitioner (NP) should: - ANS encourage the patient
to participate in the choice of the medication.
A patient has recurrent symptoms and tells the primary care NP that she can't remember to
take her medication all the time. The NP should: - ANS ask her about her lifestyle, her
schedule, and her understanding of her condition.
A primary care NP prepares to teach a patient about the management of a chronic condition.
The patient says, "I don't want to know all of that. Just tell me what to take and when." The NP
should initially: - ANS give the patient basic written instructions about medications, follow up
visits, and symptoms.
A parent brings a child who has moderate-persistent asthma to the clinic and tells the primary
care NP that none of the child's medications are working. The parent says, "Everybody tells me
something different. I don't know what to do." The NP suspects that the parent is not
administering the medications appropriately. The NP should initially: - ANS perform a careful
history of the child's symptoms and the medications that are given.
A primary care NP sees a 5-year-old child who is morbidly obese. The child has an elevated
hemoglobin A1c and increased lipid levels. Both of the child's parents are overweight but not
obese, and they tell the NP that they see nothing wrong with their child. They both state that it
is difficult to refuse their child's requests for soda or ice cream. The NP should: - ANS initiate
a dialogue with the parents about the implications of the child's laboratory values.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
,A patient bursts into tears when the primary care NP diagnoses diabetes. The NP should: -
ANS ask the patient about past experiences with anyone who has this diagnosis.
A primary care NP writes a prescription for an off-label use for a drug. To help ensure
compliance, the NP should: - ANS include information about the off-label use on the E-script
The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) writes a prescription for an antibiotic using an
electronic drug prescription system. The pharmacist will fill this prescription when: - ANS the
electronic prescription is received.
When prescribing a medication for a chronic condition, the primary care NP should tell the
patient: - ANS about the frequency of clinic visits necessary for the number of refills
authorized.
The neighbor of a primary care NP asks the NP to write a prescription for an antibiotic. The NP
should tell the neighbor: - ANS that it is best if the neighbor sees a health care provider
before obtaining a prescription.
The primary care NP is prescribing a medication for an off-label use. To help prevent a
medication error, the NP should: - ANS write "off-label use" on the prescription and provide a
rationale.
The primary care NP sees a patient covered by Medicaid, writes a prescription for a medication,
and is informed by the pharmacist that the medication is "off-formulary." The NP should: -
ANS write the prescription for a generic drug if it meets the patient's needs.
A patient who has asthma and who is known to the primary care NP calls the NP after hours and
asks for a refill of an albuterol metered-dose inhaler. The patient has not been seen in the clinic
for more than a year. The NP should: - ANS refill the drug and tell the patient that an office
visit is necessary for further refills.
A patient who has chronic pain and who takes oxycodone (Percodan) calls the clinic to ask for a
refill of the medication. The primary care NP notes that the medication refill is not due for 2
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
, weeks. The patient tells the NP that the refill is needed because he is going out of town. The NP
should: - ANS review the patient's chart to see if this is a one-time or repeat occurrence.
The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) is using critical thinking skills when: - ANS analyzing
current research and synthesizing new approaches to patient care.
The primary care NP has referred a child who has significant gastrointestinal reflux disease to a
specialist for consideration for a fundoplication and gastrostomy tube placement. The child's
weight is 80% of what is recommended for age, and a recent swallow study revealed significant
risk for aspiration. The child's parents do not want the procedure. The NP should: -
ANS initiate a discussion with the parents about the potential outcomes of each possible
action.
The primary care NP prescribes an inhaled corticosteroid for a patient who has asthma. The
third-party payer for this patient denies coverage for the brand that comes in the specific
strength the NP prescribes. The NP should: - ANS order the closest formulary-approved
approximation of the drug and monitor effectiveness.
A patient takes a cardiac medication that has a very narrow therapeutic range. The primary care
NP learns that the particular brand the patient is taking is no longer covered by the patient's
medical plan. The NP knows that the bioavailability of the drug varies from brand to brand. The
NP should: - ANS contact the insurance provider to explain why this particular formulation is
necessary.
A patient comes to the clinic reporting dizziness and fatigue associated with nausea and
vomiting. The primary care NP suspects anemia and orders a complete blood count. The
patient's hemoglobin is elevated. The NP correctly concludes that the patient is not anemic. The
NP has made an error in: - ANS hypothesis triggering and information processing.
A patient comes to the clinic with a 2-day history of cough and wheezing. The patient has no
previous history of asthma. The patient reports having heartburn for several months, which has
worsened considerably. The primary care NP makes a diagnosis of asthma and orders oral
steroids and inhaled albuterol. The patient's condition worsens, and a chest radiograph
obtained 2 days later shows bilateral infiltrates. The NP has failed to: - ANS confirm the
diagnosis.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 4
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medical
schools? - ANS Changes in Medicare reimbursement methods recommended in 1992
Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians? -
ANS The dominant form of drug information used by primary care physicians continues to be
that provided by pharmaceutical companies
As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as prescribers of
medications, it will be important to: - ANS learn from the experiences of physicians and
develop expertise based on evidence-based practice.
A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out of the
federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this defines how NPs
may write prescriptions: - ANS as CRNAs without physician supervision in a hospital setting.
CRNAs in most states: - ANS order and administer controlled substances but do not have full
prescriptive authority.
A CNM: - ANS has prescriptive authority in all 50 states.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,In every state, prescriptive authority for NPs includes the ability to write prescriptions: -
ANS for specified classifications of medications.
The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that: -
ANS NPs will be better prepared to meet emerging health care needs of patients.
An important difference between physician assistants (PAs) and NPs is PAs: - ANS always work
under physician supervision.
To increase the likelihood of successful pharmacotherapy, when teaching a patient about using
a medication, the primary care nurse practitioner (NP) should: - ANS encourage the patient
to participate in the choice of the medication.
A patient has recurrent symptoms and tells the primary care NP that she can't remember to
take her medication all the time. The NP should: - ANS ask her about her lifestyle, her
schedule, and her understanding of her condition.
A primary care NP prepares to teach a patient about the management of a chronic condition.
The patient says, "I don't want to know all of that. Just tell me what to take and when." The NP
should initially: - ANS give the patient basic written instructions about medications, follow up
visits, and symptoms.
A parent brings a child who has moderate-persistent asthma to the clinic and tells the primary
care NP that none of the child's medications are working. The parent says, "Everybody tells me
something different. I don't know what to do." The NP suspects that the parent is not
administering the medications appropriately. The NP should initially: - ANS perform a careful
history of the child's symptoms and the medications that are given.
A primary care NP sees a 5-year-old child who is morbidly obese. The child has an elevated
hemoglobin A1c and increased lipid levels. Both of the child's parents are overweight but not
obese, and they tell the NP that they see nothing wrong with their child. They both state that it
is difficult to refuse their child's requests for soda or ice cream. The NP should: - ANS initiate
a dialogue with the parents about the implications of the child's laboratory values.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
,A patient bursts into tears when the primary care NP diagnoses diabetes. The NP should: -
ANS ask the patient about past experiences with anyone who has this diagnosis.
A primary care NP writes a prescription for an off-label use for a drug. To help ensure
compliance, the NP should: - ANS include information about the off-label use on the E-script
The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) writes a prescription for an antibiotic using an
electronic drug prescription system. The pharmacist will fill this prescription when: - ANS the
electronic prescription is received.
When prescribing a medication for a chronic condition, the primary care NP should tell the
patient: - ANS about the frequency of clinic visits necessary for the number of refills
authorized.
The neighbor of a primary care NP asks the NP to write a prescription for an antibiotic. The NP
should tell the neighbor: - ANS that it is best if the neighbor sees a health care provider
before obtaining a prescription.
The primary care NP is prescribing a medication for an off-label use. To help prevent a
medication error, the NP should: - ANS write "off-label use" on the prescription and provide a
rationale.
The primary care NP sees a patient covered by Medicaid, writes a prescription for a medication,
and is informed by the pharmacist that the medication is "off-formulary." The NP should: -
ANS write the prescription for a generic drug if it meets the patient's needs.
A patient who has asthma and who is known to the primary care NP calls the NP after hours and
asks for a refill of an albuterol metered-dose inhaler. The patient has not been seen in the clinic
for more than a year. The NP should: - ANS refill the drug and tell the patient that an office
visit is necessary for further refills.
A patient who has chronic pain and who takes oxycodone (Percodan) calls the clinic to ask for a
refill of the medication. The primary care NP notes that the medication refill is not due for 2
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
, weeks. The patient tells the NP that the refill is needed because he is going out of town. The NP
should: - ANS review the patient's chart to see if this is a one-time or repeat occurrence.
The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) is using critical thinking skills when: - ANS analyzing
current research and synthesizing new approaches to patient care.
The primary care NP has referred a child who has significant gastrointestinal reflux disease to a
specialist for consideration for a fundoplication and gastrostomy tube placement. The child's
weight is 80% of what is recommended for age, and a recent swallow study revealed significant
risk for aspiration. The child's parents do not want the procedure. The NP should: -
ANS initiate a discussion with the parents about the potential outcomes of each possible
action.
The primary care NP prescribes an inhaled corticosteroid for a patient who has asthma. The
third-party payer for this patient denies coverage for the brand that comes in the specific
strength the NP prescribes. The NP should: - ANS order the closest formulary-approved
approximation of the drug and monitor effectiveness.
A patient takes a cardiac medication that has a very narrow therapeutic range. The primary care
NP learns that the particular brand the patient is taking is no longer covered by the patient's
medical plan. The NP knows that the bioavailability of the drug varies from brand to brand. The
NP should: - ANS contact the insurance provider to explain why this particular formulation is
necessary.
A patient comes to the clinic reporting dizziness and fatigue associated with nausea and
vomiting. The primary care NP suspects anemia and orders a complete blood count. The
patient's hemoglobin is elevated. The NP correctly concludes that the patient is not anemic. The
NP has made an error in: - ANS hypothesis triggering and information processing.
A patient comes to the clinic with a 2-day history of cough and wheezing. The patient has no
previous history of asthma. The patient reports having heartburn for several months, which has
worsened considerably. The primary care NP makes a diagnosis of asthma and orders oral
steroids and inhaled albuterol. The patient's condition worsens, and a chest radiograph
obtained 2 days later shows bilateral infiltrates. The NP has failed to: - ANS confirm the
diagnosis.
@2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 4
