Test Bank For LibreTexts History Of
Psychology.
,Chapter 1: Foundations of Psychology
Chapter 2: Biology and Evolution
Chapter 3: Freud and Psychoanalysis
Chapter 4: Making Psychology a Science
Chapter 5: Behaviorism and Cognitive Psychology
Chapter 6: Women in Psychology
Chapter 7: Mental Illness/Clinical Psychology
Chapter 8: Developmental/Educational Psychology
Chapter 9: Race and Racism
Chapter 10: Race and Racism
Chapter 11: Sex and Gender
Chapter 12: Diversifying Psychology
,Chapter 1: Foundations of Psychology
1. A patient consistently associates the smell of fresh coffee with the specific act of drinking
it. According to Aristotle’s classification of the processes of remembrance, which law of
association does this best illustrate?
A. The law of similarity
B. The law of frequency
C. The law of contiguity
D. The law of contrast
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The law of contiguity states that things or events that occur close to each
other in space or time tend to be linked in the mind. Because the smell of coffee and
the act of drinking it occur together, the mind associates them based on their
proximity in time and space.
2. A philosopher argues that the human mind at birth is a "blank slate" and that all complex
ideas are derived solely from the association of simple sensations and reflections. Which
historical figure is most closely associated with this specific epistemological stance?
A. Thomas Hobbes
B. John Locke
C. David Hume
D. James Mill
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: John Locke rejected the possibility of innate ideas and argued that the
mind begins as a blank slate. He believed all knowledge is derived from sensations
and the subsequent reflection upon those sensations, which then combine to form
complex ideas.
3. John Stuart Mill proposed that associations could result in mental states that possess
entirely new qualities not found in their original constituent parts. Which term did he use to
describe this process to distinguish it from simple "mental addition"?
A. Mental physics
B. Phenomenalism
C. Mental chemistry
D. Hypothetico-deductive method
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: John Stuart Mill argued that associations are more than just the sum of
their parts. He compared this to how water has different qualities than the oxygen and
hydrogen that compose it, labeling this perspective "mental chemistry."
4. A researcher is interested in the effects of "relearning" on memory retention. Which
pioneer of experimental psychology established the methodology for studying this by using
nonsense syllables to record the number of trials required to master a list?
A. Alexander Bain
B. Hermann Ebbinghaus
C. Ernst Weber
D. Gustav Fechner
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first to study association and memory
scientifically. He used himself as a subject to memorize lists of
consonant-vowel-consonant nonsense syllables, recording the trials needed to
master and relearn material.
5. A subject holding a 40-pound weight is just able to detect a difference when an additional
1 pound is added. According to Weber's Law, if the same subject were holding a 20-pound
weight, what is the smallest weight difference they would be expected to perceive?
A. 0.25 pounds
B. 0.5 pounds
C. 1.0 pounds
D. 2.0 pounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weber’s Law states that the "just-noticeable difference" is a constant
fraction of the original stimulus. If the ratio is 1/40 for a 40-pound weight (1 pound),
the same ratio applied to a 20-pound weight (20 \times 1/40) results in 0.5 pounds.
6. Gustav Fechner's mathematical expression for the relationship between physical stimulus
and mental experience is given by the formula S = k \log R. In this psychophysical equation,
what does the variable "R" represent?
A. The constant of proportionality
B. The experienced sensation
C. The logarithmic threshold
D. The physical stimulus (Reiz)
Correct Answer: D
Psychology.
,Chapter 1: Foundations of Psychology
Chapter 2: Biology and Evolution
Chapter 3: Freud and Psychoanalysis
Chapter 4: Making Psychology a Science
Chapter 5: Behaviorism and Cognitive Psychology
Chapter 6: Women in Psychology
Chapter 7: Mental Illness/Clinical Psychology
Chapter 8: Developmental/Educational Psychology
Chapter 9: Race and Racism
Chapter 10: Race and Racism
Chapter 11: Sex and Gender
Chapter 12: Diversifying Psychology
,Chapter 1: Foundations of Psychology
1. A patient consistently associates the smell of fresh coffee with the specific act of drinking
it. According to Aristotle’s classification of the processes of remembrance, which law of
association does this best illustrate?
A. The law of similarity
B. The law of frequency
C. The law of contiguity
D. The law of contrast
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The law of contiguity states that things or events that occur close to each
other in space or time tend to be linked in the mind. Because the smell of coffee and
the act of drinking it occur together, the mind associates them based on their
proximity in time and space.
2. A philosopher argues that the human mind at birth is a "blank slate" and that all complex
ideas are derived solely from the association of simple sensations and reflections. Which
historical figure is most closely associated with this specific epistemological stance?
A. Thomas Hobbes
B. John Locke
C. David Hume
D. James Mill
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: John Locke rejected the possibility of innate ideas and argued that the
mind begins as a blank slate. He believed all knowledge is derived from sensations
and the subsequent reflection upon those sensations, which then combine to form
complex ideas.
3. John Stuart Mill proposed that associations could result in mental states that possess
entirely new qualities not found in their original constituent parts. Which term did he use to
describe this process to distinguish it from simple "mental addition"?
A. Mental physics
B. Phenomenalism
C. Mental chemistry
D. Hypothetico-deductive method
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: John Stuart Mill argued that associations are more than just the sum of
their parts. He compared this to how water has different qualities than the oxygen and
hydrogen that compose it, labeling this perspective "mental chemistry."
4. A researcher is interested in the effects of "relearning" on memory retention. Which
pioneer of experimental psychology established the methodology for studying this by using
nonsense syllables to record the number of trials required to master a list?
A. Alexander Bain
B. Hermann Ebbinghaus
C. Ernst Weber
D. Gustav Fechner
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first to study association and memory
scientifically. He used himself as a subject to memorize lists of
consonant-vowel-consonant nonsense syllables, recording the trials needed to
master and relearn material.
5. A subject holding a 40-pound weight is just able to detect a difference when an additional
1 pound is added. According to Weber's Law, if the same subject were holding a 20-pound
weight, what is the smallest weight difference they would be expected to perceive?
A. 0.25 pounds
B. 0.5 pounds
C. 1.0 pounds
D. 2.0 pounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weber’s Law states that the "just-noticeable difference" is a constant
fraction of the original stimulus. If the ratio is 1/40 for a 40-pound weight (1 pound),
the same ratio applied to a 20-pound weight (20 \times 1/40) results in 0.5 pounds.
6. Gustav Fechner's mathematical expression for the relationship between physical stimulus
and mental experience is given by the formula S = k \log R. In this psychophysical equation,
what does the variable "R" represent?
A. The constant of proportionality
B. The experienced sensation
C. The logarithmic threshold
D. The physical stimulus (Reiz)
Correct Answer: D
